๐ถ Agriculture
What is Agriculture, Branches of Agriculture & Brief History of Agriculture
What is Agriculture?
Etmology
- The term โAgricultureโ is derived from the Latin word agricultลซra โagerโ or โagriโ meaning โsoilโ and โcultลซraโ meaning cultivation or growing.
- ๐๐ป Therefore, Agriculture means the cultivation of the soil.
- Agriculture in its broadest sense, is not just confined to soil cultivation alone, it also includes all aspects of crop production, horticulture, livestock management, fisheries, forestry, sericulture, apiculture etc.
- ๐ Agriculture can be termed as a science ๐ฌ, an art ๐จ & business ๐ altogether.
- ๐ง Let us have a look: Why?
- Science: With the help of knowledge of breeding and genetics we can develop new and improved strain of crop and animal. Agricultre is systematised body of knowledge encompasses various subjects.
- Art: As a farm manager there are various alternative approaches to manage the farm. That will be an art that how you manage diffrent enterprises.
- Business (Commerce): The entire agricultural produce is linked with the concept of marketing, which brings in the question of profit or loss.
Branches of Agriculture
#Agriculture is mainly divided into following Seven branches:
- Agronomy (Crop Production, Agricultural Meteorology, Plant Pathology, Entomology, Plant Breeding & Seed Technology, Agricultural Extension and Agricultural Economics)
- Horticulture (Fruits: Pomology; Vegetables: Olericulture, Flowers: Floriculture)
- Forestry (Silviculture)
- Animal Husbandry
- Fishery Science (Pisciculture)
- Agricultural Engineering
Home Science
Brief History of Agriculture
| Time Period | Event |
|---|---|
| 40 Million Years Ago | Evolution of Monkeys and Apes ๐ฆ |
| 1.5 Million Years Ago | First True Man, Homo erectus emerged in Indonesia and Africa ๐ง |
| 1 Million Years Ago | Homo erectus migrated through old world tropics ๐ |
| 0.8 Million Years Ago | Homo erectus populated temperate regions ๐ก๏ธ |
| 0.5 Million Years Ago | Homo erectus pekinensis learnt use and control fire ๐ฅ |
| 0.4 Million Years Ago | Man-made shelters out of trees and branches ๐ณ |
| 32000 B.C. | Cro-Magnon Man, Homo sapiens emerged in Europe ๐ช๐บ |
| 10000 B.C. | Agriculture Started, Domestication of Dog ๐ for hunting in Iran ๐ฎ๐ท and Israel ๐ฎ๐ฑ |
| 8700 B.C. | Domestication of Sheep ๐ |
| 7700 B.C. | Domestication of Goat ๐ |
| 7500 B.C. | Cultivation of Crops Mainly Wheat and Barley started ๐พ |
| 6000 B.C. | Domestication of Cattle ๐ and Pigs ๐ |
| 4400 B.C. | Cultivation of Maize ๐ฝ๏ธ |
| 4000 B.C. | Cultivation of Rice ๐ |
| 3500 B.C. | Cultivation of Potato ๐ฅ |
| 3400 B.C. | Wheel was invented โ๏ธ |
| 3000 B.C. | Bronze was used to make tools ๐จ |
| 2900 B.C. | Plough โ was invented. Irrigated farming was started.๐ง |
| 2700 B.C. | Silk moth domestication in China ๐งต |
| 2300 B.C. | Cultivation of Chickpea, Pear, Arson and Cotton ๐พ |
| 2200 B.C. | Domestication of Fowl ๐, Buffalo ๐ and Elephant ๐ |
| 1800 B.C. | Cultivation of Finger Millet (Ragi) ๐พ |
| 1725 B.C. | Cultivation of Sorghum ๐พ |
| 1500 B.C. | Cultivation of Sugarcane ๐พ. Irrigation from wells ๐ง |
| 1400 B.C. | Use of Iron in Middle East ๐จ |
| 1000 โ 600 B.C. | Second Aryan-migration wave, age of iron, iron plough share and axe invented, crop cultivation in Punjab, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar ๐พ๐จ๐ก๏ธ |
| 543 โ 491 B.C. | Reference to farming operations in Kullavagga and Mahavagga and Buddhist literature in Pali ๐ |
What is Agriculture?
Etmology
- The term โAgricultureโ is derived from the Latin word agricultลซra โagerโ or โagriโ meaning โsoilโ and โcultลซraโ meaning cultivation or growing.
- ๐๐ป Therefore, Agriculture means the cultivation of the soil.
- Agriculture in its broadest sense, is not just confined to soil cultivation alone, it also includes all aspects of crop production, horticulture, livestock management, fisheries, forestry, sericulture, apiculture etc.
- ๐ Agriculture can be termed as a science ๐ฌ, an art ๐จ & business ๐ altogether.
- ๐ง Let us have a look: Why?
- Science: With the help of knowledge of breeding and genetics we can develop new and improved strain of crop and animal. Agricultre is systematised body of knowledge encompasses various subjects.
- Art: As a farm manager there are various โฆ