⭐️ World Pulses Day is a designated United Nations global event to recognize the importance of pulses (chickpeas, dry beans, lentils, dry peas and lupins among others) as a global food. It has been proclaimed on February 10 of each year since 2019 by the General Assembly of the United Nations on December 20, 2018.

Chickpea/Gram

• Botanical Name: Cicer spp.
• Cicer aeritinum: Desi/Brown Chickpea/Kala Chana
• Cicer kabulium: Kabuli/White Chickpea

• Family: Papilionaceae (Leguminaceae)
• Chromosome: 2n = 14/16
• Chickpea is also known as Gram or Bengal gram.
• Gram is originated in South-West Asia (Afghanistan).
• India is the largest producer of Gram in the world sharing 65% area & 70 % of total global production.
• Chickpea consists of more than 1/3 of the area and 40 per cent of the total production of pulses in India. (highest among pulses)
• Gram is major pulse crop in India followed by Pigeon pea.
• Chickpea is called as King of Pulses (Queen -> Pea) and contains 22-23 per cent protein content.

• The sour taste of leaves and pods is due to the presence of Malic Acid 90-96% and Oxalic Acid 4-10%.
• Its leaves are recommended for intestine disorder patient, due to presence of Malic and Oxalic acid.
• Gram fruit is known as Pod.
• Germination type: Hypogeal

  

Types of Chickpea

• Desi: It has small, darker seeds and a rough coat, cultivated mostly in the Indian subcontinent, Ethiopia, Mexico, and Iran. The desi type is used to make Chana Dal, which is a split chickpea with the skin removed.
• Kabuli: It has lighter/white coloured, larger seeds and a smoother coat, mainly grown in Southern Europe, Northern Africa, Afghanistan, Pakistan and Chile, also introduced during the 18th century in India.
• Desi chickpeas have markedly higher fiber content than Kabulis and hence a very low glycemic index which may make them suitable for people with blood sugar problems.

Climate

• Gram is a winter season crop.
• Chickpea is a self-pollinated, C₃ and long-day plant.
• Suitable temperature for optimum crop growth is 20-25 °C.
• Requirement of water throughout growth period is 350-450 mm.
• Severe cold and frost at the time of flowering causes detrimental effect to gram seed development.
• Chickpea is usually considered a Dry-land/Rainfed crop.
• It favours moderate rainfall with mild cold weather.
• Chickpea requires a loose and well aerated rough seedbed.
• Light alluvial soil is best for cultivation of gram.
• Chickpea may be cultivated as a sole crop, or mixed with barley, lathyrus (grasspea), linseed, mustard, peas, corn, coffee, safflower, potato, sweet potato, sorghum, or wheat.
• In India, chickpea is also grown as a catch crop in sugarcane fields and often as a second crop after rice.
• When chickpea is grown as mixed crop, it checks blight disease.

Seed & Sowing

• Early sown: 75-80 kg/ha
• Late sown: 80-100 kg/ha
• Late planting of chickpea is done to protect the seedlings from wilt disease. In such type of delayed planting, seed rate is increased by 25 per cent to obtain a good yield.
• Sowing time: 2nd fortnight of October (15th to 20th October) is optimum time.
• Spacing: 30 x 10 cm
• Plant population: 3,33,333 plants
• The seed should be placed 8-10 cm deep because the shallow sown crop is more liable to be damaged by wilt.

Fertilizer

NPK requirement (Kg/ha)

• Normally – 20 : 60 : 30
• Rainfed – 15 : 20 : 15
• Phosphorous should be applied at below or side of the seed to increase the gram yield.
• The critical stages for irrigation:
  • Pre-flowering/Late vegetative phase
  • Pod development

Important Varieties

Root System

• The roots usually include a central strong tap root, with numerous lateral branches that spread out in all directions in the upper layer of soils.
• There are numerous nodules on roots.
• The rhizobium bacteria present in these nodules fix up atmospheric nitrogen.

Nipping/Topping

• Nipping is the process of plucking the apical buds after 45-60 DAS, in order to stop apical growth and encourage more branching and fruit development.
• Nipping terminal bud at 45 and 60 days after sowing significantly reduced the plant height and increased the number of primary and secondary branches and pods per plant.
• It can be done by a flock of sheep.
• Chemical for nipping TIBA @ 75 PPM (Tri-Iodo-Benzoic Acid).

Disease

Insect-Pest

Yield

• Rainfed condition – 5 to 6 qt/ha
• Irrigated condition – 12 to 15 qt/ha
• Shelling percentage is 49 per cent.

⭐️ World Pulses Day is a designated United Nations global event to recognize the importance of pulses (chickpeas, dry beans, lentils, dry peas and lupins among others) as a global food. It has been proclaimed on February 10 of each year since 2019 by the General Assembly of the United Nations on December 20, 2018.

Chickpea/Gram

• Botanical Name: Cicer spp.
• Cicer aeritinum: Desi/Brown Chickpea/Kala Chana
• Cicer kabulium: Kabuli/White Chickpea

• Family: Papilionaceae (Leguminaceae)
• Chromosome: 2n = 14/16
• Chickpea is also known as Gram or Bengal gram.
• Gram is originated in South-West Asia (Afghanistan).
• India is the largest producer of Gram in the world sharing 65% area & 70 % of total global production.
• Chickpea consists of more than 1/3 of the area and 40 per cent of the total …

Become Successful With AgriDots

Learn the essential skills for getting a seat in the Exam with tons of fun in the process.

🦄 You are a pro member!

Only use this page if purchasing a gift account

Yo! You just found a 20% discount using 👉 EASTEREGG

High-quality fitted cotton shirt produced by Next Level Apparel