🍲 Lentil

Important points related to cultivation of Lentil.

Lentil

  • Botanical Name:
    • Lens esculentum
    • Lens culnaris
  • Family: Papilionaceae (Leguminoceae)
  • Lentil crop is also known as Cover crop and Dryland crop.
  • Origin: Egypt, Asia minor
  • Classification:
    1. Bold seeded – Masur, Macrosperma
    2. Small seeded – Masuri, Microsperma
  • Lentil crop is well cultivated in light loam and alluvial soil.
  • Sowing time: Oct last week to November 2nd week (Rabi)
  • Seed Rate: 30-40 kg/ha (in Late condition - 50-60 kg/ha)
  • Spacing: 30 x 5 cm and sowing depth is 3-5 cm.
  • Irrigation: 1-3 irrigations
  • Critical stages:
    1. Flower Initiation stage (40-45 DAS)
    2. Pod formation stage
  • Varieties: JL-3, Pant L-639, 209, 406, IPL-81, DL-62, Lens 4076.
  • Nutrient management: 20 : 50 : 20 kg NPK/ha at sowing time in furrow and spraying of ZnSO4 0.5 per cent + Lime 0.25 per cent in standing crop.
  • Lentil is intercropped with wheat, barley, linseed, safflower etc.
  • Weed management: Fluchloralin @ 1.0 kg ai/ha followed by one hand weeding at 30 DAS.
  • Lentil is harvested after 100-120 days after sowing
  • Yield: 15-20 qt/ha

Field pea

  • Botanical name: Pisum sativum var. arvense
  • Family: Papilionaceae (Leguminoceae)
  • Chromosome No: 2n = 14
  • Origin: Mediterranean region of Southern Europe and to Western Asia.
  • Pea crop contains 22 per cent protein, 60 per cent carbohydrate and 1.8 per cent fat.

Classification

  1. Pisum sativum var. arvense Field pea/Grain pea – used for dal/pulse purpose
  2. Pisum sativum var. hortense Garden pea/Table pea – green pods used as vegetable and canning purpose.

Climate

  • Field pea requires a cool growing season, moderate temperatures are essential throughout the growing season.
  • For germination about 22 °C temperature is considered favorable.
  • The optimum monthly temperature suitable for its growth is 13-18 °C.
  • Water requirement for proper growth is 400-600 mm.
  • Heavy rains during flowering stage are harmful to yield of pea crop.
  • Field pea is a short-day plant.⭐️
  • Frost can damage the plant during flowering period.
  • High humidity is harmful to pea crop due to incidence of disease.

Soil

  • A well-drained soil is essential for successful production of field pea.
  • Field pea is highly sensitive to water logging, hence a well-drained loam soil is considered best for pea cultivation.
  • They tolerate a moderate soil pH range (6.5-7.5). The optimum pH is 6.5.

Sowing time

  • Second fortnight of October is the optimum time for sowing of field peas in north Indian states. (Rabi)
  • Sowing after October results in drastic yield reduction.

Seed rate

  • Field pea: 75-80 kg/ha.
  • Garden pea: 100-120 kg/ha.
  • Spacing: 30 x 10 cm
  • Seed treatment: Captan/Thirum @2.5gm + Rhizobium leguminosarum 10 gm per kg seed.
  • Irrigation: 1-2 irrigations
  • Germination type: Hypogeal
  • Maturity of pea is measured by Tendrometer.
  • Critical stages:
    1. Flower Initiation stage (40-45 DAS)
    2. Pod filling stage (70-80 DAS)
  • Nutrient management: 20 : 50 : 30 : 40 kg NPKS/ha at sowing time.
  • Weed management: Two hand weeding at 30 and 45 days after sowing.

Varieties

  1. Field pea – Aparna (first dwarf variety), Ambika, Rachana, T-65, 163, Hans, KP-885, Pant C5
  2. Garden pea – Arkel (sickle shaped pods), Bonvilley, Sylvia (Whole Pod is edible), Early bajer, Early December, T-19, 59, Pant mater-1, 5, 6, 8 Aajad mater-1, Pant Uphar.

Disease

Yield:

  1. Field pea/Grain pea: 20-25 qt/ha
  2. Garden pea/Table pea: 80-100 qt/ha
  • Pea is harvested when stems and pods turn straw colour or light brown and seeds are hard and rattle within pod.
  • Shelling percentage in pea is 49%.

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