🟡 Rapeseed and Mustard

Important points related to Rapeseed and Mustard.

Basic

  • Botanical name: Brassica spp.
  • Family: Cruciferae AFO-2021
  • Origin: China
  • AICRP on oilseed was started on 1967.
  • Pods of mustard known as siliqua.
  • Inflorescence of mustard in known as raceme.
  • Evolution of Brassica species: [NOC] – [NO – Car] – [Or Cat - pus] – []
    • B. carinata = B. nigra x B. oleracia
    • B. napus = B. oleracia x B. compestris
    • B. juncia = B. nigra x B. compestris

Mustard species

  1. Brassica compestris – Sarson
  2. Brassica napus – Rapseed
  3. Brassica juncea – Brown mustard (Indian mustard)
  4. Brassica nigra – Black mustard (used for condiment purpose)
  5. Brassica carinata – Ethiopian mustard
  6. Brassica rapa – Toria (most widely spread in world)
  7. Eruca sativa – Taramira

Rapeseed vs Mustard

Climate

  • Cool temperature, 🥶 clear dry weather with bright sunshine ☀️ accompanied with adequate soil moisture increases the oil percentage of crop.
  • The crop cannot tolerate drought as well as water logging condition.
  • This crop does not tolerate frost.
  • Mustard crop requires the temperatures between 10°C to 25°C.
  • Mostly grown in Rabi season.

Soil

  • Mustard can be grown in wide varieties of soils that ranges from light to heavy loamy soils.
  • Soil ideal pH range for Mustard is 6.0 to 7.5
  • Sowing time: October 3rd week to November 1st week
  • Seed rate:
    • Pure crop: 4 to 6 kg/ha
    • Mixed crop: 2 to 3 kg/ha
  • Spacing:
    • Mustard/Rai: 45cm x 15cm
    • Toria/Rapeseed: 30cm x 10cm
  • Irrigation: 2 irrigations, 350-450 mm water requirement
  • Critical stages:
    1. Rosette stage (20-30 DAS)
    2. Siliqua formation stage

Varieties

  1. Toria: Type-9, 36, Sangam, M-27
  2. Brown sarson: BS-70, Pusa kalyani, Sufla, BSH-1
  3. Yellow sarson: Benoy, Type-42
  4. Mustard (Rai/Laha): Kranti, Varuna, Krishna, Pusa Bold, Vardan, Rohni
  5. Taramira: T-27
  6. Mustard hybrid: Pusa Jai Kisan (Bio 902): first variety Brassica juncea developed in the world
  7. NRC-HB-506: It is the first hybrid of mustard in India developed from Directorate of Rapeseed and Mustard Research, Bharatpur, Rajsthan
  8. 00 or canola type variety of Gobhi sarson – PGSH-51
  9. A new raya mustard variety CS-56 (Triveni) with higher oil content (37-40%), for late sown conditions of Zone II of (Sriganganager, Ludhiana, Hisar, Delhi etc.)
  • Nutrient management: 60 : 30 : 30 : 20 : 10 kg NPK S Zn/ha.

Disease

Insect-Pest

Yield

  • Rapeseed: 14-20 q/ha
  • Mustard: 20-25 q/ha
  • Optimum moisture content for safe storage: 8 per cent

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