Basics

• Botanical name: Glycine max
• Also called boneless meat/ Yellow Jewel of America / Wonder crop/ Miracle Crop in India.
• Family: Leguminosae (Papilionaceae)
• Origin: Eastern Asia or China
• Soybean is introduced in India from USA in 1960.
• Inflorescence: Raceme
• Fruit: Pod

  

Climate

• Soybean grows well in warm ☀️ and moist climate.
• Optimum temperature for growth of most of the varieties is 26-32 °C.
• Water requirement for proper growth is 600-750 mm.
• Soybean is a C3 and short-day plant.
• Germination type: Epigeal

Soil

• Well drained and fertile loam soils with a pH between 6.0-7.5 are most suitable for the Soybean.
• Sodic and saline soils inhabit germination of seeds.

Seed Rate

• Common: 70-80 kg/ha
• Late planting: 100-120 kg/ha
• Spacing: 30 cm x 10 cm
• Plant population: 3-4 lakh plants/ha
• Depth of sowing: 3-4 cm
• Sowing time: Sowing time is 3rd week of June to 1st fortnight of July.
• Irrigation: Kharif – No need, summer – 5 to 6 irrigations
• Critical stages:
  1. Sprouting stage
  2. Flowering stage
  3. Pod filling stage
  4. Grain development stage
• Beany taste in soybean is due to sulfur compound.
• The economic product of soybean crop is Oil, so called as oilseed crop.
• It contains 40 per cent protein and 20 per cent oil.
• Soybean contains the poly-unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) – Linolic acid & Oleic acid
• Nutrient management: 40 : 60 : 40 : 5 kg NPKZn/ha.
• Nitrogen fixation: 40 kg N/ha
• Nodule formation starts 2-3 weeks after sowing and nitrogen fixation starts 2 weeks after nodule formation up to 6-8 weeks.
• Nodule formation: by Rhizobium japonicum (gram–ve bacteria)
• Due to presence of enzyme Lipoxidase, soybean is not used as dal which produces off flavour.

• Varieties: JS-2, 335, Indira Soya-9, PK-472, 1024, Gaurav, Ankur, Brag, Clark, NRC-2
• Intercropping: with Cotton, Arhar, Maize etc.
• Weed control: Nitrofen @ 1.5 kg ai/ha (PRE) or Fluchloralin @ 1.0 kg ai/ha (PPI).

Yield

• Harvesting: Done at 20 per cent seed moisture, when leaves start dropping, pods dried.
• Pod formation stage is ideal to harvest for fodder purpose
• Yield: 20-25 qt/ha

Disease

Insect-Pest

Basics

• Botanical name: Glycine max
• Also called boneless meat/ Yellow Jewel of America / Wonder crop/ Miracle Crop in India.
• Family: Leguminosae (Papilionaceae)
• Origin: Eastern Asia or China
• Soybean is introduced in India from USA in 1960.
• Inflorescence: Raceme
• Fruit: Pod

  

Climate

• Soybean grows well in warm ☀️ and moist climate.
• Optimum temperature for growth of most of the varieties is 26-32 °C.
• Water requirement for proper growth is 600-750 mm.
• Soybean is a C3 and short-day plant.
• Germination type: Epigeal

Soil

• Well drained and fertile loam soils with a pH between 6.0-7.5 are most suitable for the Soybean.
• Sodic and saline soils inhabit germination of seeds.

Seed Rate

• Common: 70-80 kg/ha
• Late planting: 100-120 kg/ha
• Spacing: 30 cm x 10 cm
• Plant population: 3-4 lakh plants/ha …

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