🌰 Soybean

Important points related to Soybean.

Basics

  • Botanical name: Glycine max
  • Also called boneless meat/ Yellow Jewel of America / Wonder crop/ Miracle Crop in India.
  • Family: Leguminosae (Papilionaceae)
  • Origin: Eastern Asia or China
  • Soybean is introduced in India from USA in 1960.
  • Inflorescence: Raceme
  • Fruit: Pod

Climate

  • Soybean grows well in warm β˜€οΈ and moist climate.
  • Optimum temperature for growth of most of the varieties is 26-32 Β°C.
  • Water requirement for proper growth is 600-750 mm.
  • Soybean is a C3 and short-day plant.
  • Germination type: Epigeal

Soil

  • Well drained and fertile loam soils with a pH between 6.0-7.5 are most suitable for the Soybean.
  • Sodic and saline soils inhabit germination of seeds.

Seed Rate

  • Common: 70-80 kg/ha
  • Late planting: 100-120 kg/ha
  • Spacing: 30 cm x 10 cm
  • Plant population: 3-4 lakh plants/ha
  • Depth of sowing: 3-4 cm
  • Sowing time: Sowing time is 3rd week of June to 1st fortnight of July.
  • Irrigation: Kharif – No need, summer – 5 to 6 irrigations
  • Critical stages:
    1. Sprouting stage
    2. Flowering stage
    3. Pod filling stage
    4. Grain development stage
  • Beany taste in soybean is due to sulfur compound.
  • The economic product of soybean crop is Oil, so called as oilseed crop.
  • It contains 40 per cent protein and 20 per cent oil.
  • Soybean contains the poly-unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) – Linolic acid & Oleic acid
  • Nutrient management: 40 : 60 : 40 : 5 kg NPKZn/ha.
  • Nitrogen fixation: 40 kg N/ha
  • Nodule formation starts 2-3 weeks after sowing and nitrogen fixation starts 2 weeks after nodule formation up to 6-8 weeks.
  • Nodule formation: by Rhizobium japonicum (gram–ve bacteria)
  • Due to presence of enzyme Lipoxidase, soybean is not used as dal which produces off flavour.
  • Varieties: JS-2, 335, Indira Soya-9, PK-472, 1024, Gaurav, Ankur, Brag, Clark, NRC-2
  • Intercropping: with Cotton, Arhar, Maize etc.
  • Weed control: Nitrofen @ 1.5 kg ai/ha (PRE) or Fluchloralin @ 1.0 kg ai/ha (PPI).

Yield

  • Harvesting: Done at 20 per cent seed moisture, when leaves start dropping, pods dried.
  • Pod formation stage is ideal to harvest for fodder purpose
  • Yield: 20-25 qt/ha

Disease

Insect-Pest

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