๐ŸŒป Sunflower

Important points related to Sunflower.

Basics

  • Botanical Name: Helianthus annus
  • Family: Compositae
  • Helios = Sun and Annus = Flower
  • Auxin activity is more in apical portion of flower
  • Highest production of sunflower: Karnataka

Climate

  • Sunflower is also a wide spectrum adoptable crop, grown in all 3 seasons.
  • It requires subtropical climate.
  • The requirement of annual rainfall varies from 300-1500 mm.
  • Best suited temperature for crop growth is between 20-25ยบC.
  • During vegetative phase, crop requires cold temperature.
  • Higher temperature (> 38ยบC) during reproductive stage reduces the oil content.
  • Sunflower is a Day Neutral Crop.
  • It has high seed multiplication ratio (> 1 : 80).
  • Sunflower has high quality edible oil (45-50 per cent).
  • PUFA content is highest in โ€“ Safflower. Sunflower has no saturated fatty acid content, so it is safe for heart patients.
  • Percentage unsaturated fatty acid โ€“ 78 per cent.
  • The head/inflorescence of sunflower is called as Capitulai.
  • Sun๏ฌ‚ower has ray and disc ๏ฌ‚oret, in which Ray ๏ฌ‚oret is for beautifulness (attraction of pollinators) and Disc ๏ฌ‚oret forms seed and have male & female flowers.
  • Chaffiness means non filling of seed.
  • Sowing time:
    • Kharif: July to 1st week of August
    • Rabi: November 1st to 2nd week
    • Summer: February 2nd week
  • Seed rate: 8-10 kg/ha
  • Spacing:
    • Kharif: 45 x 30 cm
    • Rabi: 50 x 20 cm
    • Summer: 60 x 30 cm
  • Irrigation:
    • Kharif: No need
    • Rabi: 3-4 irrigation
    • Summer: 5-6 irrigation
  • Critical stages:
    1. Seedling stage (10-12 DAS)
    2. Bud initiation/Button/Knee high stage (30-35 DAS)
    3. Flowering stage (50-55 DAS)
    4. Seed development stage (70-90 DAS)
  • Varieties: Modern, MSFH-8,17, Jwalamukhi, KBSH-1, JS-1, Sunrise selection, EC 68413
  • Sunflower is intercropped with Groundnut, Arhar, Urd etc.
  • Sunflower plant release allelopathic chemicals into the soil that inhibit the germination of succeeding crop.
  • Weed management: Pendimethalin @ 1.5 kg ai/ha followed by hoeing at 30 DAS.
  • Sun๏ฌ‚ower is matured at 90-120 days after sowing, when 10 per cent of head become brown and the disc ๏ฌ‚oret attached to the tip of the head drop down the crop.
  • Yield: 20-30 qt/ha.

Basics

  • Botanical Name: Helianthus annus
  • Family: Compositae
  • Helios = Sun and Annus = Flower
  • Auxin activity is more in apical portion of flower
  • Highest production of sunflower: Karnataka

Climate

  • Sunflower is also a wide spectrum adoptable crop, grown in all 3 seasons.
  • It requires subtropical climate.
  • The requirement of annual rainfall varies from 300-1500 mm.
  • Best suited temperature for crop growth is between 20-25ยบC.
  • During vegetative phase, crop requires cold temperature.
  • Higher temperature (> 38ยบC) during reproductive stage reduces the oil content.
  • Sunflower is a Day Neutral Crop.
  • It has high seed multiplication ratio (> 1 : 80).
  • Sunflower has high quality edible oil (45-50 per cent).
  • PUFA content is highest in โ€“ Safflower. Sunflower has no saturated fatty acid content, so it โ€ฆ

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