π£ Biology
The life-cycle of nematodes and their 6 stages.
Which of the following is not correct regarding nematode?
- The life cycle of nematode has six stages:
- Egg: The female lays eggs in soil or in plant tissues, singly or in groups as egg mass that hatch out into larvae.
- J1 or first stage larva
- J2 or second stage larva
- J3 or third stage larva
- J4 or fourth stage larva (four larval or juvenile stages)
- Adult stage
- In plant parasitic nematodes, there are
four juvenile stages
and anadult stage
. - The immature stage of the nematode called as juvenile. The first four stages are the immature stages and are known as juvenile stages.
- Hatching (Ecdysis): The term hatching is used for the emergence of the juvenile from the egg. It occurs either in response of a stimulus or stimuli from the host or take place under normal environment.
- Moulting: Growth in nematodes is associated with moulting which usually occurs
four times
and there arefive stages
.
Voltinism
- Voltinism refers to number of generations completed by nematode in one year.
- On the basis of voltinism, nematodes are following types:
- Univoltine Nematodes: Only
one
generation is completed in a year. Examples are Angunia tritici and in Heterodera sp. - Multivoltine Nematodes:
Many
generations are completed in a year. Examples are Meloidyne incognita, Tylenchulus sp, Pratylenchus, Rotylenchulus.
- Univoltine Nematodes: Only
References
- Dropkin, V.H. 1980. Introduction to plant nematology. John Wiley and sons, INC. New York.
- Singh, R.S and Sitaramaiah, K. 1994. Plant pathogens. The plant parasitic nematodes. Oxford & IBH Pub. Co. Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.
- Parvata Reddy, P. 1983. Plant nematology. Agricole Pub. Co., New Delhi.
- Southey, J. F. Laboratory methods for work with plant and soil nematodes Tech.
- Bull. Min. Agric. Fish. Food. Her Majestyβs Stationary Office, London.
- Walia, R. K and Bajaj, H. K (2014). Textbook of Introductory Plant Nematology. Directorate of Knowledge Management in Agriculture, ICAR, New Delhi.
- Kumar, V., Khan, M.R. & Walia, R.K. Crop Loss Estimations due to Plant-Parasitic Nematodes in Major Crops in India. Natl. Acad. Sci. Lett. 43, 409β412 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40009-020-00895-2