🙇‍♂️ Teaching

Which one of the following is not a Principles of learning?

Teaching & Learning in Process

• Extension is an educational process to bring about desirable changes. The entire purpose of extension is to help people improve their knowledge, attitudes, and skills so they can lead better lives and adopt improved practices.
• Essential role of an extension worker is to create effective learning situations. Rather than merely delivering information, the extension worker must design environments and experiences that actively engage the learner and promote meaningful behavioural change.

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Elements of Learning Situation

• Essential elements of effective learning are five in number. Each element plays a crucial role, and the effectiveness of learning depends on how well these elements work together.
  1. Teacher or instructor
  2. Teaching materials and Plan
  3. Subject matter
  4. Learner
  5. Physical facilities and environment

• Out of these 5 elements learner is the most important element. The entire learning process revolves around the learner's needs, readiness, and capacity to absorb and apply new knowledge.
• The central element in an effective learning situation is learner.
• Out these maximum interaction with the learner is done by instructor. The instructor serves as the primary facilitator who guides, motivates, and supports the learner throughout the process.

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Teaching

• The process of arranging situation in which the things to be learned are called to the attention of the learners, there interest developed, desire aroused and action promoted is called teaching. Effective teaching is a carefully orchestrated process that moves the learner from awareness through interest, desire, and finally to action.
• In extension teaching the teacher should first know attitude of the learner. Understanding where the learner stands -- their beliefs, feelings, and predispositions -- is the essential first step before any teaching effort begins.
• Effective teaching is not merely to inform people but to transforming people. The goal is not just to transfer information but to bring about a genuine transformation in how people think, feel, and behave.

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Learning

• The relatively enduring change in overt and covert responses as a result of perceived stimulus is called Learning. This formal definition tells us that learning must produce lasting changes in both observable behaviour and internal mental processes.
• Learning is the process of acquiring or imparting the ability to perform a behavioural pattern through experience and practice.
• The process by which an individual, through one's own efforts & abilities change the behaviour is known as learning.
• Learning is an internal process mainly controlled by learner. No one can force another person to learn -- the learner must be willing and engaged for true learning to occur.
• Learning is motivated by self. Self-motivation is the most powerful driver of learning.
• Learning is most rapid by maximizing concentration on one sense at a time. Focusing on a single sensory channel at a time helps prevent information overload and improves retention.
• Bond theory or Stimulus - Bond or SR theory of learning is advocated by E.L. Thorndike. This foundational learning theory proposes that learning occurs through the formation of connections (bonds) between stimuli and responses.
• The progressive behaviour adaptation of an individual to a stimulus is called learning.
• Father of learning: Thorndike. His pioneering work on trial and error learning, the law of effect, and connectionism laid the groundwork for modern educational psychology.
• The learning curve in teaching follows a S shaped curve. This means learning typically starts slow, then accelerates rapidly during the middle phase, and finally levels off as mastery is approached.

• The experimental technique of learning emphasis on use of stimulation games. Simulation games create realistic scenarios that allow learners to practice skills in a safe, controlled environment.
• Experimental learning is learner centred. The learner takes an active role in the process rather than being a passive recipient.
• Learning that suddenly appears when a reward or incentive for performance is given is known as Latent learning. This concept demonstrates that learning can occur without visible changes in behaviour and only becomes apparent when the right motivation is introduced.
• Learning occurs through various senses shown by Haas & Packer (1964). Understanding the relative contribution of each sense helps extension workers design more effective teaching methods:
  • Sight: 87% -- The visual sense is by far the most dominant channel for learning.
  • Hear: 7%
  • Smell: 3.5%
  • Touch: 1.5%
  • Taste: 1%