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File Extensions & Computer Abbreviations
Complete list of file extensions (.docx, .pdf, .jpg, .mp3), important computer abbreviations and full forms frequently asked in UPSSSC AGTA and government exams.
What are File Extensions?
A file extension is the suffix at the end of a filename (after the dot) that indicates the file type and which program should open it. For example, in report.docx, the extension is .docx which tells the computer it’s a Microsoft Word document.
Common File Extensions by Category
Document Files
| Extension | Software | Description |
|---|---|---|
| .docx | MS Word | Word document |
| .doc | MS Word (old) | Word 97-2003 document |
| Adobe Reader | Portable Document Format — universal, non-editable | |
| .txt | Notepad | Plain text file |
| .rtf | Various | Rich Text Format |
| .odt | LibreOffice | Open Document Text |
Spreadsheet Files
| Extension | Software | Description |
|---|---|---|
| .xlsx | MS Excel | Excel workbook |
| .xls | MS Excel (old) | Excel 97-2003 |
| .csv | Various | Comma Separated Values — data exchange format |
| .ods | LibreOffice | Open Document Spreadsheet |
Presentation Files
| Extension | Software | Description |
|---|---|---|
| .pptx | MS PowerPoint | PowerPoint presentation |
| .ppt | MS PowerPoint (old) | PowerPoint 97-2003 |
| .odp | LibreOffice | Open Document Presentation |
Image Files
| Extension | Type | Best For |
|---|---|---|
| .jpg / .jpeg | Lossy compressed | Photographs, web images |
| .png | Lossless, supports transparency | Logos, screenshots, graphics |
| .gif | Supports animation | Animated images, simple graphics |
| .bmp | Uncompressed bitmap | Raw images (large file size) |
| .svg | Vector graphic | Scalable icons and logos |
| .tiff | High quality | Printing, scanning |
| .ico | Icon file | Website favicons, desktop icons |
Audio Files
| Extension | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| .mp3 | Compressed | Most common music format |
| .wav | Uncompressed | High quality, large file size |
| .aac | Compressed | Apple devices, better than MP3 |
| .flac | Lossless | Audiophile quality |
| .wma | Microsoft | Windows Media Audio |
Video Files
| Extension | Description |
|---|---|
| .mp4 | Most common video format — universal |
| .avi | Audio Video Interleave — Windows format |
| .mkv | Matroska — supports multiple audio/subtitle tracks |
| .mov | Apple QuickTime format |
| .wmv | Windows Media Video |
| .flv | Flash Video — older web format |
Compressed Files
| Extension | Software | Description |
|---|---|---|
| .zip | WinZip / Built-in | Most common compressed format |
| .rar | WinRAR | Better compression than ZIP |
| .7z | 7-Zip | Best compression ratio |
| .tar.gz | Linux | Unix/Linux archive format |
Database Files
| Extension | Software |
|---|---|
| .accdb | MS Access |
| .mdb | MS Access (old) |
| .sql | SQL script file |
| .db | SQLite database |
Web Files
| Extension | Description |
|---|---|
| .html / .htm | Web page |
| .css | Stylesheet (web design) |
| .js | JavaScript (web functionality) |
| .php | Server-side web script |
| .xml | Data exchange format |
System / Executable Files
| Extension | Description |
|---|---|
| .exe | Windows executable program |
| .bat | Batch file (Windows commands) |
| .dll | Dynamic Link Library (shared code) |
| .sys | System file |
| .tmp | Temporary file |
| .apk | Android app package |
| .dmg | macOS disk image |
Important Computer Abbreviations
Hardware
| Abbreviation | Full Form |
|---|---|
| CPU | Central Processing Unit |
| ALU | Arithmetic Logic Unit |
| CU | Control Unit |
| RAM | Random Access Memory |
| ROM | Read Only Memory |
| HDD | Hard Disk Drive |
| SSD | Solid State Drive |
| USB | Universal Serial Bus |
| HDMI | High Definition Multimedia Interface |
| VGA | Video Graphics Array |
| BIOS | Basic Input Output System |
| SMPS | Switched Mode Power Supply |
| LED | Light Emitting Diode |
| LCD | Liquid Crystal Display |
Software & OS
| Abbreviation | Full Form |
|---|---|
| OS | Operating System |
| GUI | Graphical User Interface |
| CLI | Command Line Interface |
| DBMS | Database Management System |
| SQL | Structured Query Language |
| API | Application Programming Interface |
| ERP | Enterprise Resource Planning |
Networking & Internet
| Abbreviation | Full Form |
|---|---|
| LAN | Local Area Network |
| WAN | Wide Area Network |
| MAN | Metropolitan Area Network |
| WWW | World Wide Web |
| URL | Uniform Resource Locator |
| HTTP | HyperText Transfer Protocol |
| HTTPS | HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure |
| IP | Internet Protocol |
| TCP | Transmission Control Protocol |
| ISP | Internet Service Provider |
| DNS | Domain Name System |
| FTP | File Transfer Protocol |
| SMTP | Simple Mail Transfer Protocol |
| WiFi | Wireless Fidelity |
| HTML | HyperText Markup Language |
Data & Security
| Abbreviation | Full Form |
|---|---|
| ASCII | American Standard Code for Information Interchange |
| UNICODE | Universal Character Encoding |
| AI | Artificial Intelligence |
| ML | Machine Learning |
| IoT | Internet of Things |
| VPN | Virtual Private Network |
| 2FA | Two-Factor Authentication |
| SSL | Secure Sockets Layer |
| DDoS | Distributed Denial of Service |
Digital India & Finance
| Abbreviation | Full Form |
|---|---|
| UPI | Unified Payments Interface |
| NEFT | National Electronic Fund Transfer |
| RTGS | Real Time Gross Settlement |
| IMPS | Immediate Payment Service |
| NPCI | National Payments Corporation of India |
| AEPS | Aadhaar Enabled Payment System |
| CSC | Common Service Centre |
| e-NAM | National Agriculture Market |
| BHIM | Bharat Interface for Money |
Exam-Specific
| Abbreviation | Full Form |
|---|---|
| ENIAC | Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer |
| UNIVAC | Universal Automatic Computer |
| FORTRAN | Formula Translation |
| COBOL | Common Business Oriented Language |
| BASIC | Beginner’s All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code |
| DOS | Disk Operating System |
| IC | Integrated Circuit |
Key Takeaways
- File extension tells the computer which program to use — .docx (Word), .xlsx (Excel), .pdf (universal)
- Image formats: JPG (photos, compressed), PNG (transparency), GIF (animation)
- Audio: MP3 (most common), WAV (high quality); Video: MP4 (universal)
- ZIP/RAR/7Z are compressed file formats
- .exe = executable program on Windows; .apk = Android app
- Know full forms of: CPU, RAM, ROM, USB, BIOS, LAN, WAN, HTML, SQL, UPI, IoT, AI
Summary Cheat Sheet
| Extension/Abbreviation | Meaning |
|---|---|
| .docx | MS Word document |
| .xlsx | MS Excel spreadsheet |
| .pptx | MS PowerPoint presentation |
| Portable Document Format | |
| .jpg | Compressed image (photos) |
| .png | Image with transparency |
| .mp3 | Compressed audio |
| .mp4 | Universal video format |
| .zip | Compressed archive |
| .exe | Windows executable |
| .html | Web page |
| .accdb | MS Access database |
| .csv | Comma-separated data |
| CPU | Central Processing Unit |
| RAM | Random Access Memory (volatile) |
| ROM | Read Only Memory (non-volatile) |
| BIOS | Basic Input Output System |
| LAN/WAN | Local/Wide Area Network |
| SQL | Structured Query Language |
| HTML | HyperText Markup Language |
| UPI | Unified Payments Interface |
| AI | Artificial Intelligence |
| IoT | Internet of Things |
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