β³οΈ Principles of Extension
Learn about Principles of Extension Education.
Extension Education is based on the principle?
Principles of Extension Education
- Principles are generalised guidelines which form the basis for decision & action in a consistent way.
- The two important principles of extension education are
Participation
&Leadership
.
1) Principle of needs and interests
- Needs & Interest of the people are the starting point of extension work.
- Extension work shall be successful only when it is based on the needs & interest of the people.
2) Grass-roots principle
- Extension programme should start with local groups, local situations & local problems. It must fit to the local conditions. Extension work should start with where people are & what they have. Change should start from the existing situation.
- Ex. The establishment of Panchayat Raj Bodies at various levels fulfils this principle.
3) Principle of cultural differences
- Culture simply means social heritage. Differences exist between groups of farmers as well as between extension agents regarding their habits, customs, values, attitudes & way of life.
- Extension work must be carried out in harmony with the cultural pattern of the people.
4) Principle of cooperation and participation
- Most people of the village community should willingly cooperate & participate in identifying the problems, planning of projects for solving the problems & implementing the projects in getting the desired results.
- People must share in developing & implementing the programme & feel that it is their own programme.
- Ex. When villagers assist the extension worker at different levels in implementing a new programme.
5) Principle of learning by doing
- Learning remains far from perfect, unless people get involved in actually doing the work.
- Learning by doing is most effective in changing peopleβs behaviour. This develops confidence as it involves maximum number of sensory organs.
- People should learn what to do, why to do, how to do and with what result.
- Learning by doing is coined by
John Dewey
.
6) Principle of adaptability
- The extension work & teaching methods must be flexible & adapted to suit the local conditions.
- This is necessary because the people, their situation, their resources & constraints vary from place to place & time to time.
7) Principle of leadership
- Local leaders are the custodians of local thought & action. The involvement of local leader & legitimization by them are essential for the success of a programme. The leader may be trained & developed to act as carriers of change in the village.
- βNever do anything that you get someone to do for youβ related to this principle.
- Leadership development in extension is a mean.
- Most useful leader in extension is voluntary leader.
- Ex. The extension of scientific knowledge to villagers by specialists of the same area.
8) Whole family principle
- Not only the farmers, the farm youth and farm women are also involved in extension programme.
9) Principle of satisfaction
- The end product of extension work should produce satisfying results for the people.
- Satisfaction results reinforce learning and motivate people to seek further improvement.
10) Principle of indigenous knowledge
- Instead of ignoring the indigenous knowledge systems as out-dated, the extension agent should try to understand them & their ramifications in the life of the people, before proceeding to recommended something new to them.
11) Principle of evaluation
- Evaluation prevents stagnation.
- There should be a build-in method of finding out extent to which the results obtained are in agreement with the objectives fixed earlier.
- This will show gaps and steps to be taken for further improvement.
Extension Education is based on the principle?
Principles of Extension Education
- Principles are generalised guidelines which form the basis for decision & action in a consistent way.
- The two important principles of extension education are
Participation
&Leadership
.
1) Principle of needs and interests
- Needs & Interest of the people are the starting point of extension work.
- Extension work shall be successful only when it is based on the needs & interest of the people.
2) Grass-roots principle
- Extension programme should start with local groups, local situations & local problems. It must fit to the local conditions. Extension work should start with where people are & what they have. Change should start from the existing situation.
- Ex. The establishment of β¦
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