⨵ Mitosis

Mitosis

I. Karyokinesis

👉🏻 It has four major stages:

Prophase

• Prominent nucleolus & nucleus.
• Chromonemata formation; Thin, long and coiled chromosome.
• Each chromosome has two chromatid.

Metaphase

• Best stage for the study of chromosome.
• Nuclear membrane and Nucleolus are absent.
• Chromosomes appear as most condensed rod like structure.
• Chromosomes are arranged at equator i.e. center of the cell.
• Thickest, smallest and clearest Chromosomes.
• Centromere exactly on the equatorial line.
• Spindle fibers are attached to kinetochore of centromere. Centromere is connected by spindle fiber on both the sides.

Anaphase

• Nuclear Membrane and Nucleolus are absent.
• Centromere divides and comes in ‘V’-shaped.
• Chromatids move to their poles.
• Longitudinal splitting of centromere.

Telophase

• Nuclear membrane and Nucleolus reappear.
• Chromosomes uncoil.

II. Cytokinesis

• Karyokinesis is followed by cytokinesis.
• In plant cells, the cytokinesis is through the formation of cell plate whereas in animal cells, it is through the formation of cleavage furrow.