• Botanical Name: Capsicum annum
• Family: Solanacae
• Origin: Maxico
• India is largest producer of chillies in the world accounting for 45 % of total area under cultivation.
• Chilli and Capsicum both belong to same family as well as same spp. that is Capsicum annum.
• Capsicin is pungent principle found in chilli.
• Green chilli retard cancer due to natural enzyme Asperginase
• C. annum and C. fruitescence have white flower while C. pubescence have purple flowers.

• China - major capsicum (Bell pepper) producing country of the world.

• India is a major producer, consumer and exporter of chilli in the world
• Andhra Pradesh is pioneer in chilli production.
• Long dry periods are likely to result in flower shedding and fruit fall.
• June - October is the major chili growing period in South India.
• Dry chilli generally contains about 6% stalks + 40% pericarp + 54% seeds.
• 7 g good quality seed provides 100 plants.
• Chilli has bidirectional root system.
• Chilli is richest source of Vitamin C.

Capsicum Varieties

• Introduced
  • California wonder
  • Yolo Wonder
  • World beater
  • Chinese Giant
  • Golden wonder
  • Bullnose
  • Sweet Banana
• Selection
  • Arka Mohini
  • Arka Gaurav
  • Arka Basant
• Public Sector Hybrid
  • Pusa Deepti
  • Green Gold
• Private Sector Hybrid
  • Early Bounty
  • Bharat
  • India
  • Lario
  • Hira
• Pusa Meghdoot: First F1 hybrid by public sector.
• About 90% of the the capsaicin in chilli has been noticed in placenta, connecting seed with pericarp.

• Anthracnose/die back due to fungus: Colletotrichum capsic
• Vitamin present in chilli is Vitamin P (flavonoids or bioflavonoids).
• NAA (Planofix) @ 10 ppm and Triacontanol is used to control fruit drop.
• Capsicum annum (Shimla Mirch) also known as sweet pepper.
• To prevent fruit rot should be used Calcium nitrate (CN) @ 1 litre/ha or broadcasting about 25 kg/ha.

Seed rate

• For chili: 1.0-1.5 kg/ha
• For capsicum annum (hybrid): 250g seeds/ha
• Sown in nursery and transplanted after 45 days of seedling.

Chilli Varities

• Selection
  • Kalyanpur Yellow
  • Sabour Angar
  • Arka Lohit
  • Bhagyalaxmi
  • Sindhur
• Hybrid
  • G-S
  • Bhaskar
  • NP-46-A
  • Punjab lal
  • Pusa Jwala: NP-46-A x Puri Red
  • Pant-C-1: NP-46-A x Khandari
  • Andhra Jyoti — Cherry type fruits
• Mutant: MDU-1
• Private sector hybrid
  • Tejawini
  • Champian
  • Gayatri
  • Agni
  • Delhi hot
  • Skyline
• Public Sector Hybrid
  • CH-1 → Released by PAU - Ludhiana using male sterile line.
• Fruit rot resistant variety K-2.
• Leaf curl resistant variety — Pusa Jwala, Pusa Sadabahar, Pant-C-1
• 15 Irrigations are required in capsicum.
• Leaf curl, TMV, wilt and dieback resistant variety → Punjab Lal, Punjab Surakh → Multiple disease Resistance.
• Bacterial wilt resistant variety → Utkal Rashmi, Arka Gauray.
• Jwalamukhi: Suitable for HDP
• Arka lohit: Tolerant to powdery mildew
• Bhaskar: Yellow anther type, Resistant to thrips and mites
• India’s share in total export of chilli in world is 4%
• Rains during Dec-Nov, result in the incidence of powdery mildew.
• Opening of flower at 5 am.
• Pusa Sadabahar variety of C. fruitescence is perennial in nature.
• 3-10 days for sun drying to lower moisture from 80 to 10%.
• Punjab Lal: for colour extraction.
• HP - leading supplier of capsicum in off season.
• Green to dry chilli ratio = 10 : 1
• Chilli variety - CH-1 → developed by using Genetic Male sterile (GMS) line.
• Excess of N with water stress: Blossom end rot of fruits of capsicum.
• Variety with thin pericarp, less seeds, strong spike is suitable for drying.

Pest management

• Chilli thrips

  • Major pest of chilli is Thrips (Scirtothrips dorsalis).
  • Leaf curl of chilies: Viral, transmitted by thrips.
  • Symptoms is the inward (upward) curling of leaves

    

• White flies

  • Bemisia tabaci
  • It is responsible for transmission of chilli mosaic virus

• Both white flies and thrips can be managed by spraying of any systemic insecticides i.e. Acephate @ 1.0 ml liter of water. Or Thiomethoxam @ 0.4 ml/liter spray or
• Imidacloprid @ 0.5 ml liter of water with Streptocyclin @ 0.1 g /liter of water.

• Botanical Name: Capsicum annum
• Family: Solanacae
• Origin: Maxico
• India is largest producer of chillies in the world accounting for 45 % of total area under cultivation.
• Chilli and Capsicum both belong to same family as well as same spp. that is Capsicum annum.
• Capsicin is pungent principle found in chilli.
• Green chilli retard cancer due to natural enzyme Asperginase
• C. annum and C. fruitescence have white flower while C. pubescence have purple flowers.

• China - major capsicum (Bell pepper) producing country of the world.

• India is a major producer, consumer and exporter of chilli in the world
• Andhra Pradesh is pioneer in chilli production.
• Long dry periods are likely to result in flower shedding and fruit fall.
• June - October is the major chili growing period in South India.
• Dry …

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