• Allium cepa
• Family: Alliaceae
• Origin: Central Asia
• Rich source of Vitamin B Complex.
• India’s rank 2nd in area and production after China.
• India’s rank 3rd in export in the world (12% of total world’s export).
• Netherland is the leading exporter of onion (21%), 2nd → Spain.
• Onion accounts for 77% of total foreign exchange earning among fresh vegitables.
• Maharashtra leading state with 23.4% area and 27.5% production under onion.
• Lassalgoan in Maharashtra is the biggest onion market in India.
• Potato-Onion/ underground onion/ Multiplier onion – Allium cepa var. aggregatum.
• Tree onion – Allium cepa var. viviparum.
• Highly cross pollinated due to protandry. Pollination of onion chiefly by Honey bees.
• Anthesis at 5 to 9 am.
• Onion is a cool season crop. Optimum temperature for bulb development is 20-25 °C.
• Bolting in onion/stem elongation due to low temperature
• Temperature is more important than day length in seed production.
• Day length is more important than temperature for bulb production.
• Zn application (1-3 ppm) increases yield as well as improve quality.
• Umbellate inflorescence.
• Flower colour: White or bluish.
• Pungency in onion due to Allyl propyl di sulphide.
• Cate chol is a phenolic factor present in onion has antifungal property.
• Colour of outer skin of onion is due to Quecertin.
• Quecertin compound presence in onion and garlic protection against cancer and heart disease.
• Onion is very useful in sun stroke.
• In onion to check sprouting or germination during storage is spraying Malic Hydrazide @ 2500 ppm 15-20 days after storage.

Seed rate

• 8-10 kg Seeds/ha for nursery sown to raise seedlings.
• Or planting by bulbs: 750 kg medium sized bulb/ha.

Varieties

• Largest cultivated onion varieties: Orange and Yellow.
• Introduction:
  • Brown Spanich
  • Early Grano
  • Bermuda Yellow
• Selection:
  • Pusa Ratnar
  • Pusa Red
  • Pusa White Round
  • N-53
  • Arka Niketan
  • Arka Kalyan
  • Arka Pragati
  • Arka Bindu
  • Nasik Red
  • Agrifound Dark Red
  • Patna Red
  • Bangalore Rose
  • Pusa White Flat: Suitable for dehydration
• Selfing Variety:
  • Pusa Madhvi
• Hybrid:
  • Arka Pitambar: White X Red
  • Arka Kirtiman
  • Arka Lalima
• Kharif season:
  • Arka kalyan
  • Agrifound ^{AFO 2017}
  • N-53 & N-241
  • Arka pragati (for both season)
• Purple blotch resistant varieties:
  • Arka Kalyan
  • Nasik Red
• Long day variety:
  • Brown Spanish
  • Early Grano: Good for Salad (Both Yellow Coloured variety)
• Male sterile lines have been isolated in Pusa Red.
• Arka Bindu and Agrifound Rose are suitable for export.
• Three variety of onion are recommended for growing as Green Onion:
  • Early Grano
  • Pusa White Flat
  • Pusa White Round
• Grown as white colour bulb: Bhima shubra
• Small Onion Varieties:
  • Banglore Rose
  • Arka Bindu
  • Agrifound Red: Pickling type variety.
• Multiper Onion varieties:
  • Argifound Red
  • CO-3
  • CO-4

Insect-Disease

• Thrips
  • Important pest of onion is thrips. It can be controlled by spraying Acephate 1 ml/liter of water.

• In onion & garlic: Purple blotch due to: Alternaria porii.

Garlic

• The garlic flavor is due to sulphur compound: Di allyl di sulphide
• Allicin is the antibacterial substance of Garlic.
• Allin water soluble amino acid present in Garlic.

• Allium cepa
• Family: Alliaceae
• Origin: Central Asia
• Rich source of Vitamin B Complex.
• India’s rank 2nd in area and production after China.
• India’s rank 3rd in export in the world (12% of total world’s export).
• Netherland is the leading exporter of onion (21%), 2nd → Spain.
• Onion accounts for 77% of total foreign exchange earning among fresh vegitables.
• Maharashtra leading state with 23.4% area and 27.5% production under onion.
• Lassalgoan in Maharashtra is the biggest onion market in India.
• Potato-Onion/ underground onion/ Multiplier onion – Allium cepa var. aggregatum.
• Tree onion – Allium cepa var. viviparum.
• Highly cross pollinated due to protandry. Pollination of onion chiefly by Honey bees.
• Anthesis at 5 to 9 am.
• Onion is a cool season crop. Optimum temperature for bulb development …

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