ðĨ Other Vegetables
Okra, Pea, Cowpea, Cluster Bean, Palak
Okra
- Botanical Name:
Abelmoschus esculantus
- Family: Malvaceae
- Origin: Africa
- Also known as queen of vegetables.
- Major producing state is West Bengal followed by Bihar.
- Higher Iodine content helps in controlling goitre.
- After onion it accounts 70% of the 30% exchange earnings from export of vegetables.
- Dr. Harbhajan Singh started systematic research work on Bhindi.
- Resistance to YVMV have been the major breeding objective in Okra.
Pusa Sawani
is adopted to larger pH range and has tolerance to salinity.- Arka Abhay and Pusa-A-4 give quick branching after pruning.
- Spacing - 45cm x 30 cm
- Seed rate:
- For kharif season: 8-10 kg/ha is optimum
- Hybrid - 2.5 kg/ha
- For spring - summer the seed rate is 20 kg/ha
Varieties
- Selection
- Pusa Mokhmali
- Gujrat Behdi No. I
- Introduction
- Clemon’s spineless - Introduction
- Perkins Long Green
- Hybrid
- Pusa Sawani: Pusa Mokhmali x IC-1542 : day neutral variety, spinless
- Punjab Padmani: A. esculentus x A. manihot spp. manihot
- Parbhani kranti: A. esculentus x A. manihot spp. manihot
- Arka Anamica: A. esculentus x A. manihot spp. tetraphyllus
- Arka Abhay: A. esculentus x A. manihot spp. manihot
- Private sector hybrid: Panchali, Adhunik, Supriya, Varsha
- Mutant: EMS-8
- YVMV resistant varieties
- Arka Anamika
- Arka Abhay
- Parbhani kranti
- Punjab Padmani
- Pusa Sawani
- Varsha Upkar
- Hissar Barsati
- Pusa: Susceptible to YVMV
- Pusa-A-4: Resistant to YVMV and tolerant to jassids and fruits and shoot borer
- Varsha Upkar: Suitable in disease prone areas (YVMV)
- It is a tropical crop.
- The roots and sterns are used for clearing cane juice in preparation of Gur.
- Arka Abhay is a sister line of Arka Anamika.
- Perkins long green: Suitable for hilly region of North India.
- Punjab Padmani: Possesses field resistance to YVMV and tolerance to jassids and cotton boll worm.
- Export standard: 6-8 cm long fruits.
- At temperature above 42°C, flower bud drops.
- For normal growth and development of Okra a temperature between 24°C and 28°C is preferred.
- Okra give 300-500% crop land use efficiency as an intercrop in cassava and cucurbits.
- Longer fruits are used for fresh market.
Diseases
- Yellow vein mosaic virus (YVMV)
- Yellow vein mosaic is due to
Virus
, transmitted bywhite fly
.
- Yellow vein mosaic is due to
- Spray systemic insecticides like Methyl demeton or Dimethoate @ 2 ml / l to kill the insect vector, whitefly.
Pest
- Jassid is most serious pest of Okra.
- Major pest of okra is Fruit borer (Earias vilella)
- Blister beetle: Mylabris pustulata
Pea
Pisum sativam
- Family: Leguminacae
- Garden pea is
Pisum sativam var. hortense
- Pea is rich source of protein, about
25 %
. - State which is first in area and production of pea is
UP
- In India pea is the most popular canned vegetable
- Maturity of pea is measured by
Tendrometer
- Stem borer of pea: Erizophera particella.
- Powdery mildew of pea: Erysiphe polygon
- Seed rate: 75-80 kg/ha
Varieties
- Azad P-1
- Jawahar mator-1 (susceptible to powdery mildew)
- Bonneville (suitable for dehydration)
- Arkel (sickle shaped pods)
- Sylvia (whole pod is edible)
- Arka Ajit (resistant to powdery mildew)
- Harbhajan (extra early variety)
- Hissar harit-1
- Aparna/HFP-4: First dwarf variety
- Rachna (powdery mildew resistant)
Cowpea
- Family: Legumenosaea
- Native place: Africa
- Seed rate for rainy season is
12-15 kg/ha
- For summer vegetable: 20-25 kg/ha
- For fodder purpose: 20-30 kg/ha
- Pest of cow pea is pod fly: Opkitnnyia phaseoil
Varieties
- Pusa barsati
- Pusa dofasali
- Pusa rituraj
- Pusa komal
- Kansi gouri
- Pusa phalguni (dwarf variety)
Cluster bean
- Cyamopsis tetragonalaba
Rajasthan
is first in production and area of cluster bean- It is used as cattle feeds and fodder, making gum, resins and explosive.
- But immature pods are also used as green vegetable.
Varieties of cluter bean as green consumption:
- Pusa sadabahar
- Pusa mosami
- Durgapura safed
- Pusa navbahar
Palak (Spinach)
- Beta vulgaris var heagaleasis
- Seed rate: 20-25 kg/ha
Varieties
- Punjab green
- All green
- Pusa harit
- Pusa jyoti
- Jobner green (mutant variety)
- Pusa bharti: (Polyploid)