🍈 Guava & Aonla

Important points, varities, pests

Guava

  • Botanical Name: Psidium guajava
  • Family: Myrtaceae
  • Origin: Peru
  • Also known as apple of poor or poor man’s apple.
  • Guava improvement work was started in 1907 at Pune.

Guava-Bahar season

  • Fruit bearing takes place 3 times in South India.
  • Two type of fruits, completely seedless and partly seeded are borne on the plant of seedless variety.
  • Guava harvested throughout year except May and June.
  • Chinese guava — P. fridrichsthalianum — dwarfing rootstock and resistant to guava wilt and nematodes.
  • High density planting reduces TSS, sugars and ascorbic acid but increases titrable acidity.
  • L-49 is more susceptible to Bronzing than Allahabad safeda.
  • Fruit quality of winter crop is best, it escapes the attack of fruit flies.
  • Practice of taking winter crop instead of rainy season crop is known as crop regulation (to escapes the attack of fruit flies).
  • Rainy season crop can be removed by spraying of urea (10%) on Allahabad safeda and 20% on Lucknow-49 at the time of peak flowering period.
  • Uttar Pradesh produce-best quality Guava. Allahabad region of UP is known for best quality guava production.
  • Vitamin-C content highest in fruit peel at mature stage.
  • Most useful in human diet for avoiding scury disease.
  • Guava wilt is most common in Alkali soil.
  • Guava can tolerate salinity but is susceptible to soil acidity.
  • Dwarfing rootstock: Anueploid-82.
  • Stooling is the most common & cheapest method of guava propagation. Air layering is also done.
  • Bending in Guava — practiced in Maharashtra.
  • Pruning: Above 90 cm, lateral shoots are not allowed to grow.
  • Rich source of pectin.
  • Meadow orcharding technique was developed in guava for horizontal utilization of space [2.0 m (row to row) x 1.0 m (plant to plant)].

Varieties

  • Behat coconut: Seedless Guava
  • Lucknow-49 (Sardar): Chance seedling selection from Allahabad Safeda in 1927 in Pune by Dr. Cheema.
  • Allahabad Safeda: famous variety of Allahabad
  • Lalit: 24% higher yield than Allahabad Safeda. Pink flesh. Suitable for Jelly making.
  • Chittidar: Fruits are characterized by numerous red dots on skin.
  • Harijha: Most popular in Bihar.
  • Hafsi: Red fleshed guava.
  • Apple colour
  • Arka mridula: Seedling selection from Allahabad safeda, soft seeded variety.
  • Allahabad round: Parthenocarpic variety
  • Allahabad Surkha: Uniform pink fruit with deep pink flesh.
  • Saharanpur seedless
  • Nagpur seedless
  • Arka Amulya: Arka Safeda x Seedless
  • Hissar Surekha
  • Shweta: High TSS (140° Brix)

Hybrid

  • Kohir Safed: Kohir X AS (Allahabad Safed)
  • Safed Jam: AS X Kohli
  • Hybrid-45: AS x L-49 (Sardar)

Disease

  • Guava wilt
    • Fusariunt oxysporium p.v. Psidii
    • Wilting appearance of plants and leaves of young plants is dries up.
    • Wilt is serious problem in guava (common in Alkali soil)
  • Management
    • Soil drench with Carbendazim/Bavistin @ 2g/liter water.
    • Grow resistant varieties i.e. Allahabad Safeda.

Insect pest

  • Striped mealy bug: Ferrisa virgata, serious pest in South India

  • Guava tea mosquito bug: Helopeltis antonh

Physiological disorder

  • Bronzing: Due to Zn deficiency

Aonla

  • Emblica officinalis (Euphorbiaceae)
  • It is also known as Indian gooseberry is an indigenous fruit.
  • Propagation by patch budding in North India.
  • Aonla fruits is contains vitamin C 600 mg/100g.
  • Large sized, sound fruits are mostly utilized for preservation and candy
  • Bearing life of anona is 65 to 70 years.

Varieties

Disease

  • Ring rust: Ravenelia emblica, it is serious disease in aonla.

  • Fruit necrosis: B-deficiency. Francis variety highly suffered

Insect

  • Bark eating caterpillar: Indarbella quadrinotata

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