⚠️ Zoonotic Diseases in Livestock

This lesson covers core livestock production and management concepts for practical farm application and exam-oriented preparation.

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Zoonotic diseases

and Rabies)

ZOONOSES : Are diseases of animals including Homo sapiens. Its infective agents have

become adapted to a particular animal species during course of evolution and can exist in these

animals by uninterrupted infection chains. In narrow (epidemiological) sense, transfer of

causative agent of an animal disease to human beings is zoonoses.

They are diseases and infections the agents of which are naturallyn tranmitted among

other vertebrate animals and man. Also included are a number of infections, which are shared

but not naturally transmitted.

Classification

a. Direct Z. – example rabies

b. Cyclo Z. – eg. -teaniasis

c. Sapro Z. – eg. – histoplasmosis

d. Meta Z. – eg. – Japanese encephalitas

e. Anthrapo Z. – Eg. Brucellosis

Disease	Cause	Non human principal hosts	Modes of inection	Symptoms	Class of zoonoses
Brucellosis	Brucella abortus Br.melitensis Br.Suis Br.canis	Cattle, goat, sheep, swine, caribou, dog.	Occupationa l exposure through air, contact, Ingestion of infected milk /food	IP 1-3 weeks, or month; septicaemic; continued, intermittent or irregular fever, chills, profuse sweating, weakness, fatigue,	Direct anthropozoonosi s

Col1	Col2	Col3	Col4	patients get up as normal in the morning to fall in bed with high temperature in the afternoon, insomnia, headache, arthralgia, spleenomegal y, disease lasts for weeks, months or even years.	Col6
Anthrax	Bacillus anthracis	Cattle, sheep, goat, horse, wild herbivores	Occupationa l exposure through contact, air- borne, vehicle (meat)	1 P.2-5 days Cutaneous form : Vesicle develop into black depressed eschar, generally uncared, not treated in time resulting into septicaemia and death. Pulmonary (wool sorters disease)	Direct anthropozoonosi s

Col1	Col2	Col3	Col4	resemble common infection of upper respiratory tract : 1, P 3-5 days, acute, fever, shock and death. gastrointestina l form IP 4 days, gastroenteritis blood in stools, death.	Col6
Tuberculosis	Mycobacteriu m bovis	Cattle	Occupationa l exposure through contact; ingestion of raw milk, inhalation	Extra pulmonary form most common. Cervical adenitis, genitourniary, bone, joint infections; meningitis, pulmonary form in occupational groups, transmit back to cattle.	Direct anthropozoonosi s

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Summary Cheat Sheet

Topic	Key Point
Zoonosis meaning	Disease naturally transmitted between animals and humans
Main concern	Public health risk from livestock and poultry systems
Transmission routes	Direct contact, food, water, vectors, or contaminated animal products
Farm prevention	Hygiene, vaccination, quarantine, and safe disposal of waste/carcasses
Worker safety	Handwashing, protective handling, and avoiding contaminated products are important
Public health link	Milk, meat, and close animal contact can be transmission pathways
Control strategy	Combine animal health management with human hygiene precautions
Diagnostic importance	Early recognition prevents spread to people and other animals
Economic effect	Zoonoses affect productivity plus public-health costs
Exam trap	Not every livestock disease is zoonotic; zoonoses specifically cross species to humans