🧫 Bacterial and Protozoan Diseases of Poultry

This lesson covers core livestock production and management concepts for practical farm application and exam-oriented preparation.

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Bacterial diseases

Bacterial diseases-E.coli-Coryza-Salmonellosis-Protozoan–Coccidiosis-casuative

organism – symptoms and preventive measures. Nutritional deficiency diseases and its

control.

Coli Bacillosis

Escherchia coli infection

Agrravated by other stress factors

Symptoms- Dirrohoea, sweling of joints, comb, and wattle.

moratility – vey high

Prevention- Proper sanitationand management, avoiding stress

addition of antibacterials and anti biotics in feed and water

Infectious coryza

Haemophilus gallinarum

Symptoms- all ages – affected, Acute respiratory infection, high morbidityand low mortality,

odema of face,wattle and comb, discharge from nostrils

Recovered birds –carriers

Prevention and control- Better hygiene, Addition of Anti bacterials and antibiotics – Sulpha in

feed, Tylosin, tetetracycline

Salmonellosis

Paratyphoid, Pullorum

visceral organs –affected

S.pullorum- pullorum disease

, S. gallinarum -typhoid/bacillary white dirrhoea

, S .typhimurium - paratyphoid

Symptoms- Chalk like diarrhoea, huddling, weight loss, pasted vent.

Treatment: Supha drugs, Hygienic management, hatchery hygiene is important.

PROTOZOAN

Coccidiosis:

Eimeria tenella, E.necatrix

Severe upto 10 weeks of age, due to poor litter management,

bloody droppings, high mortality, production performance is hampered

Prevention and control: Anti coccidials, litter management and hygiene.

Amprolium, sulpha drugs. Coccidiostats may be mixed with feed.

Nutritional Deficiencies and control:

Vitamin:

Vit A: Xeropthalmia- Gout, - retarded growth, discharge from eyes and nose. – Cod liver, fish

liver oil, vit A supplementation

Vit D3: Rickettsia, - leg weakness, swollen hock joints, rubbery beak, thin shelled eggs.- Cod

liver, fish liver oil, vit D3 supplementation

Vit E: Encephalomalacia- crazy chick disease – paralysis of leg – retraction of head, convulsions,

death- vegetable oils, synthetic Vit E.

Vit B1: Thiamine – poly neuritis – paralysis of wing and neck.- yeast products, synthetic vit B1

Vit B2- Riboflavin – curled toe paralysis- tendency to walk on hocks – dermatitis on corners of

mouth, vent and foot pads – fish products, Vit B2, rice bran.

Vit B12- Cyanacobalamine- retarded growth, increased mortality, drop in production and

hatchability- fish meal, meat meal, synthetic B12.

Choline – Fatty liver syndrome- poor feed utilization, ruffled feathers, increase in liver fat, -fish,

meat, ground nut meal.

Mineral deficiency:

Manganese: slipped tendon – deformity of hock joints – fish, meat meal

Goose stepping – Zinc,magnesium deficiency – bone formation affected.

Calcium, Phosporous: def of vit D, deficiency during laying- imbalance in Calcium and

Phosporous- poor eg shell formation, curved beak, bone deformities.- supplementation with ca

and p.

External And internal parasites; Lice, ticks and mites- deticking, delicing

round worm, tape worm infestation – deworming regularly.

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Summary Cheat Sheet

Topic	Key Point
Main bacterial diseases	Colibacillosis, infectious coryza, and salmonellosis
Colibacillosis	Caused by Escherichia coli; worsens under stress and poor management
Coryza organism	Haemophilus gallinarum
Salmonella types	S. pullorum, S. gallinarum, and S. typhimurium are emphasized
Protozoan disease	Coccidiosis caused by Eimeria species such as E. tenella
Main control	Hygiene, litter management, sanitation, and appropriate medication
Nutritional deficiencies	Vitamin and mineral deficiencies cause major poultry health problems
Deficiency examples	Vitamin A, D3, E, B1, B2, B12, choline, manganese, calcium, and phosphorus deficiencies are listed
Parasite control	Regular delousing, deticking, and deworming are important
Exam trap	Coccidiosis is protozoan, not bacterial, even though it is discussed with bacterial diseases here