Plant Breeding

• Plant breeding can be defined as an art, a science, and technology of improving the genetic makeup of plants in relation to their economic use for the man kind.
• Aim of Plant Breeding: Plant breeding aims to improve the characteristics of plants so that they become more desirable agronomically and economically. The specific objectives may vary greatly depending on the crop under consideration.

Domestication

• The process of bringing a wild species under human management is referred to as domestication.
• Domestication may be the most basic method of plant breeding.
• Domestication continuous today and is likely to continue for some time in future.
• Ex: In case of timber trees medicinal plants, microbes.
• During the long period of historic cultivation natural selection has definitely acted on the domesticated species.
• Movement of man from one place to another brought about the movement of his cultivated plant species.

Methods of Plant Breeding

Activities of plant breeding: Creation of Variation → Selection → Evaluation → Multiplication → Distribution ^{UPPSC 2021}

Methods of Breeding Autogamous species

Plant breeding methods that are used for genetic improvement of self-pollinated or autogamous species include:

1. Plant Introduction
2. Pureline Selection
3. Mass Selection
4. Pedigree Method
5. Bulk Method
6. Single Seed Descent Method
7. Backcross Method
8. Heterosis Breeding
9. Mutation Breeding
10. Polyploidy Breeding
11. Distant Hybridization
12. Transgenic Breeding

Four breeding approaches, viz., recurrent selection, disruptive selection, diallele selective mating, and biparental mating are used for population improvement.

Methods or Breeding Allogamous species

Breeding methods that are used for genetic improvement of cross pollinated or allogamous species include:

1. Plant introduction
2. Mass and Progeny selection
3. Backcross method
4. Heterosis breeding
5. Synthetic breeding
6. Composite breeding
7. Polyploidy breeding
8. Distant hybridization
9. Transgenic breeding Mutation breeding is rarely used in allogamous species. Three breeding approaches viz., recurrent selection, disruptive mating and biparental mating are used for population improvement.

Methods of Breeding Asexually Propagated Species

Important breeding methods applicable to asexually propagated species are:

1. Plant Introduction
2. Clonal selection
3. Mass selection
4. Heterosis breeding
5. Mutation breeding
6. Polyploidy breeding
7. Distant hybridization
8. Transgenic breeding Mass selection is rarely used in asexually propagated species. Four breeding approaches, viz., recurrent selection, disruptive selection, diallele selective mating, and biparental mating are used for population improvement.

https://youtu.be/MvuYATh7Y74

Plant Breeding

• Plant breeding can be defined as an art, a science, and technology of improving the genetic makeup of plants in relation to their economic use for the man kind.
• Aim of Plant Breeding: Plant breeding aims to improve the characteristics of plants so that they become more desirable agronomically and economically. The specific objectives may vary greatly depending on the crop under consideration.

Domestication

• The process of bringing a wild species under human management is referred to as domestication.
• Domestication may be the most basic method of plant breeding.
• Domestication continuous today and is likely to continue for some time in future.
• Ex: In case of timber trees medicinal plants, microbes.
• During the long period of historic cultivation natural selection has …

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