🌷 Fruit Production Scenario at State and National Level

This lesson provides the production background needed before crop-wise fruit study. The key aim is to understand how fruit cultivation performs across India in terms of area, output, losses, and export opportunity.

---

LEC .2 FRUIT PRODUCTION SCENARIO, STATE AND NATIONAL LEVEL,

---

IMPACT AND ECONOMIC TREND WITH EMPHASIS TO EXPORT

India is the second largest producer of fruits after Brazil. The total production of fruits in

the world is around 370 million MT. India ranks first in the world with an annual output of 32

million MT. While there are almost 180 families of fruits that are grown all over the world, citrus

fruits constitute around 20% of world’s total fruit production. India with its current production of

around 32 million MT accounts for about 8% of the world’s fruit production. The major fruits for

​export are mango, banana, citrus fruits, apple, guava, papaya, pineapple and grapes. The diverse

agroclimatic zones of the country makes it possible to grow almost all varieties of fruits and

vegetables in India. The fruit production in India has recorded a growth rate of 3.9%, whereas

the fruit processing sector has grown at about 20% per annum. However, the growth rates have

been extensively higher for frozen fruits & vegetables (121%).

Mango production accounts for an estimated 38 percent of total tropical fruit output in

2002, two percent higher than the most recent estimates, again due to increased production in

China and India which offset declines in mango output in Mexico. Area dedicated to mango

production continues to steadily increase in recent years in India, covering an estimated 39

percent of all agricultural area dedicated to fruit crops. Pineapple production is estimated at 14.4

million tonnes 13.7 million tonnes for 2001, or 21 percent of global output, with papaya and

avocado production estimated to reach 8.9 and 2.6 million tonnes, respectively. Total papaya

output registered a slight decline in 2002, although production in Brazil and India, the two

largest producers, increased nearly 3 percent for each country over 2001. The production of

minor tropical fruits, such as lychees, durian, rambuttan, guavas and passionfruit continues to

steadily increase, and are estimated to have reached 15.5 million tonnes, or 23 percent of total

global output.

India has 1655 lakh ha of land and a operational holding of agricultural farming is about

153 lakh ha is under horticulture and yields about 142 million tonnes of fruits and vegetables.

India ranks first in the production of mango, banana, sapota and acid limes in the world. It is

among the first 10 in the production of apples, papaya, oranges, grapes and pineapples. The five

fruits namely Mango, Banana, Citrus, Guava and Apple account for 75% of the total fruit

production.

Although India is the largest producer of fruits in the world, the production per capital is

only about 100 gms per day. However, it is estimated that more than 20-22% of the total

production of fruits is lost due to spoilage at various post harvest stages. Thus the per capita

availability of fruits is further reduced to around 80 gms per day which is almost half the

requirement for a balanced diet.

---

Area and production of fruits

Year	Area (Lakh ha)	Production (lakh Mt)
1991-92	28.74	268.32
1992-93	32.06	329.55
1993-94	31.84	372.55
1994-95	43.10	386.03
1995-96	33.57	415.07
1996-97	35.79	404.58
*1997-98	37.50	432.60
*1998-99	37.40	440.40
1999-2000	38.00	450.00
2000-2001	39.40	498.00

India’s Export of Fresh Fruits (Quantity : MT, Value : Rs. Lakhs )

Crop	1998-99	Col3	1999-2000	Col5	2000-01	Col7	2001-02	Col9
Crop	Quality	Value	Quality	Value	Quality	Value	Quality	Value
Banana	8111.00	1689.40	6290.00	1280.81	8629.00	1800.30	8100.00	1583.94
Dates	49.00	20.78	27.00	9.88	5.00	3.30	530.00	16.50
Fig	34.00	14.53	10.00	1.29	81.00	20.32	633.00	49.04
Pineapple	245.00	16.79	138.00	38.04	757.00	128.59	837.00	159.97
Guava	487.00	69.22	2102.00	272.10	640.00	127.84	890.00	172.30
Mango	45408	7913.67	34631	7154.89	39274	7420.12	44429	8099.13
Citrus	12786	1519.39	26915	2824.62	30464	3407.99	33171	3915.20

Grapes	11382	3709.07	14006	5513.82	20780	8391.85	14694	6043.22
Papaya	2505	342.64	12660	2076.10	11928	1619.91	1976	286.89
Apples	7442	1002.36	5477	884.34	2847	417.29	19296	1339.29
Pear & quinces	182	9.43	99	5.18	4	0.64	13	1.66
Cherries and apricots	60	40.13	96	23.35	5	1.76	133	39.07
Peaches & plum	25	42.50	14	1.36	-	-	-	-
Strawberry	68	44.66	78	103.57	40	39.17	118	12.74
Kiwi	-	-	4291	386.82	-	-	-	-
Pomegranate	4239	896.07	5726	1153.69	4456	991.56	4774	1041.85
Sapota	1049	136.96	1572	243.10	911	161.85	1150	214.47
Custard apple	81	13.41	277	45.64	640	117.69	170.93	29.80
Litchi	45	13.95	299	73.82	167	157.84	29	35.99
Other fruits	2411	504.48	4946	1084.23	1913.14	36241	-	5082.89
Almonds	21	32.20	61	23.82	21.60	20	-	1.93
Hazelnuts	21	32.14	-	-	-	10	-	20.23
Walnuts	5328	6892	4993	6056	11001	7402	-	11778
Pistachio	1	1.08	-	-	0.01	-	-	-

Statewise area and production of fruits in india (area in lakh ha, output in lakh mt)

State	1993-94	Col3	1994-95	Col5	1995-96	Col7	1996-97	Col9	1997-98	Col11	1998-99	Col13
State	Area	Outpu t	Area	Outpu t	Area	Outpu t	Area	Outpu t	Area	Outpu t	Area	Outpu t
Andhraprades h	3.45	50.23	3.72	51.62	3.91	54.70	4.07	56.58	4.15	58.99	3.79	5.90
Arunachal pradesh	0.25	0.50	0.25	0.50	0.27	0.66	0.29	0.88	0.29	0.88	0.30	0.92
Assam	1.10	11.66	1.10	12.39	1.01	12.12	1.03	12.29	1.04	12.20	1.05	12.50
Bihar	2.82	35.83	2.79	33.78	2.86	60.45	2.93	27.52	3.00	37.55	3.04	7.97
Goa	0.11	0.88	0.11	1.21	0.12	0.93	0.12	0.94	0.12	0.85	0.12	0.97
Gujarat	1.04	22.44	1.14	24.48	1.50	20.68	1.38	18.20	1.59	22.68	1.63	22.94
Haryana	0.17	1.23	0.18	1.34	0.20	1.45	0.22	1.51	0.24	1.76	0.24	1.92
Himachal pradesh	1.68	3.25	1.90	3.25	1.96	3.72	2.24	3.75	2.31	3.03	2.07	4.48

Jammu and Kashmir	1.24	8.68	1.27	7.46	1.30	7.90	1.44	9.45	1.47	10.47	1.36	8.81
Karnataka	2.42	41.97	2.59	45.11	2.76	4.73	2.99	51.34	3.15	54.46	3.15	54.46
Kerala	1.94	17.83	1.95	18.10	1.95	18.27	1.96	18.26	1.96	18.26	2.33	16.21
Madhyaprades h	0.69	13.20	0.60	11.18	0.62	11.43	0.60	11.27	0.62	11.84	0.63	13.74
Maharastra	3.22	51.13	3.67	50.99	3.11	47.99	3.73	63.33	3.80	64.73	4.36	75.22
Manipur	0.21	1.10	0.23	11.10	0.23	11.10	0.23	1.11	0.23	1.11	0.23	1.15
Meghalaya	0.25	2.37	0.24	2.02	0.25	239	0.25	2.39	0.23	1.86	0.23	1.86
Mizoram	0.10	0.46	0.12	0.51	0.15	0.71	0.14	0.66	0.15	0.69	0.16	0.77
Nagaland	0.06	0.56	0.05	0.73	0.05	0.72	0.14	1.69	0.16	1.90	0.11	1.52
Orissa	1.61	11.16	1.76	12.72	1.87	12.42	2.07	13.42	2.27	15.12	2.49	17.18
Punjab	0.82	7.28	0.82	7.37	0.84	7.61	0.90	8.14	0.90	8.14	0.93	8.45
Rajasthan	0.21	0.95	0.20	2.30	0.20	2.38	0.21	2.67	0.20	2.78	0.21	3.10
Sikkim	0.09	0.22	0.09	0.12	0.09	0.12	0.09	0.13	0.10	0.13	0.10	0.08
Tamil Nadu	1.80	36.21	1.86	48.19	1.86	48.19	2.21	38.63	2.34	36.84	2.14	54.48
Tripura	0.47	3.26	0.47	3.25	0.32	4.01	0.32	4.00	0.32	4.01	0.30	.72
U.P (Hills)	1.63	4.60	1.82	4.93	1.84	5.02	1.86	5.10	1.87	5.15	1.88	5.20
U.P (Plain)	3.02	30.10	3.08	28.71	3.10	30.09	3.19	40.45	3.29	42.93	3.05	30.98
West Bengal	1.35	14.58	1.12	12.19	1.16	12.83	1.16	10.35	1.17	13.74	1.28	15.36
A&N Islands	0.04	0.16	0.03	0.17	0.04	0.17	0.04	0.17	0.04	0.17	0.04	0.17
All India	31.8 4	372.5 5	43.1 0	386.0 3	33.5 7	415.0 7	35.7 9	404.5 8	37.0 2	432.6 3	37.2 7	440.4 2

(Source : National Horticulture Board)

Despite such high levels of production in this sector about 30% of the produce sets

spoiled due to improper storage, post harvest handling and lack of processing facilities. The

present output of fruits in the country is about 48 million tonnes while the demand has been

estimated at 72 million tonnes.

---

AREA AND OUTPUT OF MAJOR FRUIT CROPS

---

(Area in million ha, output million MT)

Crop	1997-98	Col3	1998-99	Col5	1999-2000	Col7	2000-01*	Col9
Crop	Area	Output	** Area**	Output	** Area**	Output	** Area**	Output
Apples	0.23	1.32	0.23	1.38	0.23	1.04	0.24	1.30
Bananas	0.44	13.34	0.46	15.07	0.49	16.81	0.50	17.50
Citrus fruits	0.48	4.31	0.48	4.57	0.52	4.65	0.53	4.80
Grapes	0.04	0.97	0.04	1.08	0.04	1.13	0.04	1.20

Guavas	0.15	1.61	0.15	1.80	0.15	1.71	0.16	1.85
Litchi	0.05	0.45	0.05	0.43	0.05	0.43	0.06	0.45
Mangoes	1.38	10.23	1.40	9.78	1.48	10.50	1.50	11.40
Papaya	0.07	1.62	0.06	1.58	0.06	1.66	0.07	1.70
Pineapples	0.07	0.94	0.07	1.01	0.07	1.02	0.07	1.10
Sapota	0.04	0.44	0.05	0.68	0.06	0.80	0.07	0.90
Other fruits	0.78	8.03	0.75	6.66	0.65	5.75	0.70	7.60

• Provisional (Source : National Horticultural Board, Ministry of Agriculture)

---

Summary Cheat Sheet

Topic	Key exam point
Main theme	Fruit production scenario at state and national level
India’s advantage	Diverse agroclimatic conditions support a wide range of fruit crops
Major fruit contributors	Mango, banana, citrus, guava, and apple are key production-group examples in the lesson
Area vs output	Area and production must be read separately; higher area does not always mean highest productivity
National trend	A few major fruits account for a large share of total fruit area and output
Export relevance	Export growth depends on quality, storage, handling, and processing infrastructure
Postharvest issue	Losses after harvest reduce effective availability and market efficiency
Table-use point	The lesson’s area-output tables are mainly for comparing crop-wise production trends
Writing tip	Link production scenario with state specialization, postharvest management, and export potential
Exam trap	Do not use area, production, and productivity as interchangeable terms

References

2 sources • [1] [2]

[1]

Class notes: HORT 181 - Fruit production scenario and exports

[2]

National Horticulture Board (NHB), Ministry of Agriculture (as cited in lesson tables)