Soil formation, classification (USDA, FAO), physical and chemical properties, fertility management and amendments. Covers Soil Properties, Soil Fertility & Soil Amendments — high-weightage for all agriculture exams.
Course Structure
Physical properties (texture, structure, bulk density, porosity), chemical properties (pH, CEC, organic matter, soil reaction), soil water constants (field capacity, PWP), soil colour and horizon development.
Essential plant nutrients, deficiency and toxicity symptoms, NPK fertilizers, secondary and micronutrient management, soil testing and fertilizer recommendations, integrated nutrient management practices.
Soil amendments — organic matter, lime, gypsum, compost, vermicompost, biofertilizers, green manure crops, micronutrient correctives. Integrated nutrient management for sustainable and productive agriculture.