📈 Care & mgt- pregnant,

This lesson covers core livestock production and management concepts for practical farm application and exam-oriented preparation.

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Care & mgt- pregnant,

Class 9:Care and management of pregnant, lactating animals and work bullocks.

Care, management of Pregnant animals

1. Identify pregnant-afterA.I.-90 days

2. Provide gentle treatment

3. First quarter of gestation period are critical

4. In early stages of pregnancy disturbances can cause abortion.

5. Provide concentrate feed 3.5 kg per day.

6. Provide 25 – 35 Kg. Greed fodder per day and 5 Kg. Paddy straw.

7. Minimum 45 – 60 days of dry period is essential.

8. Avoid long distance travel.

9. Avoid slippery condition in the shed.

   10.Avoid chasing by dogs, bulls or children.

   11.Avoid infighting between pregnant animals.

   12.Separate pregnant animals from recently aborted animals or carriers of diseases like

brucellosis.

13.Provide adequate clean drinking water

14.Protect against extremes of climate.

Care and Management: Lactating animals .

1. Protection against inclement weather.

2. Housing – Discussed earlier – space requirement.

3. Hygiene and sanitation of cattle shed and animals grooming, washing, disinfection etc.

4. Feeding a) concentrate – DM, DCP TDN b) Roughages – GF – L, NL – DF

Thumb Rule : 450 –500 g Concentrate / Kg. milk production

DCP 15% : TDN 75% : M.33% GNC : 25% Wheat Bran : 40% Mineral Mixture : 1% Salt :

1%

Green Fodder – 1/3 L : 2/3 NL

5. Peak yield – 6 week – ‘ca’ definition 1-1-1.3/1.18 g ca : 1.1/1.0 g ‘p’

Supplemented : Lime coat manger : ca i/v injection

6. Breeding – 60 days after calving does not come to heat – check with veterinary Doctor.

7. Artificial Insemination – Pregnancy verification – 90 days

conception delayed – 2 A.I : check – 13-14 month calf.

8. Pregnant – 45 – 60 days period.

9. Drying – withdraw concentrate : feed dry fodder : milking alternate M/E –4 days.

10. Periodical vaccination

RP, Bq, Hs, Anthrax Once in a year.

Foot and mouth – once – 4 months.

11. Isolation of pregnant animal

Gilmore (1952) reproductive efficiency

RE = 12 x No.of calves born/(age of cot (month) – Age at 1 [st] breeding) + 3 x 100

= 12 x 4 / (60-15) + 3 x 100 = 12 x4/48 x 100 = 100%

Care and management of Work Bullocks

1. 60% - 70% of time – allotted to care and management of limbs and neck.

2. Total energy required for Agrl. Sector is 44 million hp energy for both stationery and tillage.

   11.8

million hp – Human source : 28.0 million hp Livestock : 4.2 mhp – electricity

80 million work animals : 70 million work bullocks : 8 million . Buffalo

3. Avoid over working the bullocks. The work should be evenly distributed in such a way that

light

and heavy work are distributed evenly.

2. Protect the bullocks from rain and inclement weather exposure

3. Lean type roof on the side of farmers house.

4. Shoe the bullock properly before using them for work on hard ground.

5. The hoof should be prepared first and shoe should made to fit the natural shape of hoof.

6. Shoeing – road work – once in a month

Field work – once in two months.

7. Hooves should be hard, black and waxy

the two halves should be even. The cleft of hoof should be narrow.

8. Grooming is essential as it increases cutaneous respiration, spreads subcutaneous uniformly

and parasitic infection is avoided.

9. Feeding depends of type work

10. Normal – 2-4 hours

11. Heavy - 8 hours (Ploughing, pulling loaded cart etc.)

Maintenance – 1.5Kg. concentrate

Body weight	Normal work	Heavy work
300 Kg.	2 Kg.	2.5Kg.
400 Kg.	2.5 Kg.	3 Kg.
500	3	3.5

In addition 25 Kg of green and 3 to 5 Kg of dry fodder should be give.

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Summary Cheat Sheet

Topic	Key Point
Main lesson	Care of pregnant animals and management of work bullocks
Pregnant animal care	Needs balanced feed, clean water, rest, and stress avoidance
Late pregnancy	Extra care is needed during the last stage before calving
Health care	Deworming, vaccination, and observation for parturition signs are important
Work bullock care	Proper feeding, hoof care, watering, and rest are essential
Working management	Overwork should be avoided, especially in hot conditions
Housing need	Clean, dry, and comfortable housing is required for both classes of animals
Reproductive caution	Rough handling of pregnant animals can cause abortion or stress
Bullock utility	Work bullocks still provide traction and transport in many farming systems
Exam trap	Pregnant animal management focuses on fetal safety, while bullock management focuses on work efficiency and welfare