Biotechnology

Learn rDNA technology for CUET Agriculture. Restriction enzymes, DNA ligase, vectors (pBR322, Ti plasmid) and gene cloning steps explained.

Study gene transfer methods for CUET Agriculture. Electroporation, microinjection, gene gun, Agrobacterium transfer and selection markers.

Learn PCR — denaturation, annealing and extension steps for CUET Agriculture. Taq polymerase, thermal cycling and gel electrophoresis.

Study plant tissue culture — totipotency, callus and somatic embryogenesis for CUET Agriculture. MS medium, micropropagation and meristem tip.

Learn transgenic crop development for CUET Agriculture. Bt cotton Cry proteins, golden rice, herbicide tolerance and biosafety regulations.

DNA/RNA structure, tissue culture, genetic engineering, transgenic crops, and biotechnology in crop production.

Study recombinant insulin, gene therapy and molecular diagnostics for CUET Agriculture. Humulin, ELISA, DNA vaccines and stem cell therapy.

Learn bioethics, biopiracy and IPR in biotechnology for CUET Agriculture. Neem-turmeric cases, Biological Diversity Act and GM crop debates.

Botany lesson covering recombinant DNA, PCR, blotting, DNA fingerprinting, plant tissue culture, totipotency, and applications in crop improvement, seed quality and biological resource management.