Elec16

Importance of quality seed, growth of the Indian seed sector, and major laws and policies governing seed quality and farmers' rights.

Detailed coverage of seed classes (Breeder, Foundation, Certified, TL), certification process, field standards, and quality declared seed.

Principles and practices of seed production in self-pollinated crops including rice, wheat, pulses, and oilseeds — isolation, rouging, and harvest management.

Principles and practices for seed production in cross-pollinated crops including maize, bajra, sunflower, and sorghum — isolation, roguing, and detasseling.

CMS 3-line system, EGMS, genetic male sterility, hybrid seed production in rice, maize, cotton, and sunflower — the basis of commercial hybrid seed industry.

Unit operations in seed processing, ISTA quality testing procedures, germination, vigour, purity, moisture, and seed health testing methods.

Seed longevity, Harrington's rules, storage structures including hermetic storage, seed packaging materials, labelling requirements under Seed Act.

Seed distribution systems, pricing logic, enterprise setup, support schemes, and business opportunities in the seed sector.