Path374

Learn why IPDM developed, how it differs from routine pesticide-based control, and what principles guide integrated pest and disease management.

Plant Quarantine and Regulatory Methods.

Cultural Methods of Disease Management.

Biological Control of Plant Diseases.

Fungicides — Classification and Mode of Action.

Fungicide Application Methods and Resistance Management.

Host Plant Resistance — Concepts and Types.

The gene-for-gene hypothesis was proposed by Harold Henry Flor in 1956. Learn how R-genes and Avr genes interact, the guard hypothesis, and implications for IPDM.

Epidemiology of Plant Diseases.

Disease Forecasting Models.

Molecular Approaches to Disease Management.

Integrated Management of Soil-Borne Diseases.

Integrated Management of Foliar Diseases.

Integrated Management of Viral Diseases.

Understand how surveillance, thresholds, and integrated action are turned into field-level IPDM programmes with practical crop examples.