Genetics Plant Breeding

Core meaning, evolution, major branches, and agricultural applications of plant biotechnology.

Origin, cytogenetics, and breeding objectives of wheat (Triticum aestivum). Hexaploid genome AABBDD, yield improvement, rust resistance, and quality breeding.

Understand the meaning, goals, and major methods of crop improvement for kharif crops.

Study the origin, species relationships, breeding objectives, and ideal plant type in rice improvement.

Understand the aims, objectives, and long-term role of plant breeding in crop improvement.

Understand the meaning, importance, and basic principles of seed production and how it differs from ordinary crop production.

Lecture notes covering Fundamentals of Genetics as per ICAR 5th Dean Committee syllabus. Course Code: GPBR 111 | Credits: 3(2+1).

Trace the development of genetics from pre-Mendelian ideas to chromosome theory and molecular genetics.

History of plant tissue.

Breeding methods in wheat including pedigree, backcross, and shuttle breeding. Rust resistance genes and quality parameters for bread and chapati wheat.

Origin, taxonomy, and botanical description of Oryza sativa with a focus on indica and japonica subspecies and key breeding objectives.

Rice Varieties Released.

Modes of Reproduction.

Lecture notes covering Principles of Seed Technology as per ICAR 5th Dean Committee syllabus. Course Code: GPBR 112 | Credits: 3(1+2).

Seed Policy.

Mendel’s laws of genetics: Law of Dominance, Law of Segregation, and Law of Independent Assortment. Proposed by Gregor Mendel — the father of genetics — using garden pea experiments.

Scope and importance.

Breeding objectives and methods in barley (Hordeum vulgare). 2-row vs 6-row barley, malting quality traits, and disease resistance breeding.

Pedigree, mutation, and hybrid rice breeding including CMS systems and notable released varieties of rice in India.

Hybrid Rice Seed.

Lecture notes covering Fundamentals of Plant Breeding as per ICAR 5th Dean Committee syllabus. Course Code: GPBR 211 | Credits: 3(2+1).

Learn the meaning, types, and breeding importance of apomixis.

Seed Demand Forecasting &.

Types of Gene Action.

Totipotency & Morphogenesis.

Breeding objectives and methods in chickpea (Cicer arietinum). Desi vs kabuli types, wilt resistance, machine harvestability, and quality improvement.

Study maize origin, floral biology, and why it became the classical crop for heterosis breeding.

WHEAT.

Modes of Pollination.

Deterioration of Crop Varieties.

Multiple Alleles.

Nutritional requirements.

Genetics and breeding of lentil (Lens culinaris). Rust resistance, early maturity, bold seeded types, and breeding methods for improved varieties.

Lecture notes covering Crop Improvement-I (Kharif) as per ICAR 5th Dean Committee syllabus. Course Code: GPBR 213 | Credits: 2(1+1).

Development of QPM, baby corn, sweet corn hybrids, and the single, double, and three-way cross systems used in maize improvement.

MAIZE.

Classification of plants.

Seed Quality.

Multiple Factor Hypothesis.

Core BSc Agriculture study section covering genetics, seed technology, plant breeding, crop improvement, and plant biotechnology.

Techniques of in vitro.

Lecture notes covering Crop Improvement-II (Rabi) as per ICAR 5th Dean Committee syllabus. Course Code: GPBR 214 | Credits: 2(1+1).

Breeding for yield and disease resistance in field pea (Pisum sativum). Powdery mildew resistance, semi-leafless types, and modern breeding approaches.

Breeding objectives for grain and fodder sorghum with emphasis on the CMS system and dual-purpose cultivar development.

SORGHUM.

Botanical description and.

Classes of Seed.

Quantitative Traits.

Micro propagation.

Breeding objectives in rapeseed-mustard (Brassica juncea/napus). Oil content improvement, erucic acid reduction, yellow seeded types, and hybrid development.

CMS-based hybrid development, nutritional improvement, and biofortification strategies in pearl millet.

FINGER MILLET.

Maize - Zea mays (2n.

Seed Production in Maize.

Cytoplasmic Inheritance.

Anther and microspore.

Heterosis breeding and quality improvement in sunflower (Helianthus annuus). CMS-based hybrids, high oleic acid breeding, and disease resistance.

Genetics of male sterility, CGMS-based hybrid development, and disease resistance breeding in pigeonpea.

PEARL MILLET.

Small Millets.

Hybrid Seed Production in.

Methods of inducing.

Ovule Culture.

Breeding of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) and linseed (Linum usitatissimum). Oil quality improvement, thornless safflower, and dual-purpose linseed.

Breeding strategies for short duration, MYMV resistance, and photo-insensitivity in greengram and blackgram.

VARGU (Kodo millet).

Pulses.

Seed Production Techni.

Mutations.

Ovary and embryo culture.

Genetics and breeding methods of potato (Solanum tuberosum). Tetraploidy, true potato seed, late blight resistance, and breeding for processing quality.

Breeding strategies for improving oil content, protein, disease resistance, and reducing anti-nutritional factors in soybean.

PULSES.

Oil Seeds.

Hybrid Seed Production in.

Regulation of Gene.

Test tube fertilization.

Breeding of tomato, onion, and cauliflower. Hybrid varieties, male sterility systems, disease resistance, and quality improvement in vegetable crops.

Breeding strategies for groundnut including botanical and runner types, confectionery quality, oil content, and aflatoxin resistance.

BLACK GRAM.

Cotton.

Seed Production in Sorghum.

Understand inducible gene regulation through the lac operon and the molecular concept of gene structure.

Endosperm culture.

Ornamental breeding of rose, chrysanthemum, and gladiolus. Breeding for colour, fragrance, vase life, and disease resistance in flower crops.

Allopolyploidy in cotton, fibre quality traits, hybrid cotton, and the role of Bt technology in pest management.

COWPEA.

Emasculation and Pollination.

Hybrid Seed Production in.

Ultra Structure of Cell.

Factors influencing.

Complex polyploidy, nobilization, and breeding for high commercial cane sugar in sugarcane.

OILSEEDS.

Maize.

Seed Production in Pearl Millet.

Study of chromosome.

Major applications of plant tissue culture in propagation, conservation, sanitation, and crop improvement.

Breeding of Corchorus species for fibre quality and retted fibre yield along with improvement of other kharif fibre crops.

GINGELLY (TIL, ELLU).

Red gram.

Seed Production in Cotton.

Mitosis and Meiosis.

Somaclonal variation.

CASTOR.

Sugarcane.

Seed Production In Sunflower.

Learn the composition, double-helix structure, and genetic importance of DNA.

Meaning, features, and crop improvement relevance of somatic embryogenesis.

FIBRE CROPS.

Complete guide to plant breeding methods — pure line selection, mass selection, pedigree method, bulk method, single seed descent, backcross, mutation breeding, and cross-pollinated crop methods with comparison table.

Seed Production in.

RNA and IT's Structure.

Isolation of plant protoplasts, fusion methods, and their significance in somatic hybridization.

JUTE.

Hybridization — Aims.

Seed Production Tech.

tRNA (transfer RNA) carries amino acids to the ribosome during translation. Learn transcription, translation, central dogma, and the three types of RNA — mRNA, rRNA, tRNA.

Somatic hybrids, cybrids, chromosome behavior, and practical outcomes of protoplast fusion.

BREEDING FORAGE.

Back cross method.

Brinjal.

Crossing Over.

Genetic engineering.

SUGAR CANE.

(1)Incompatibility and male.

Chilli.

Linkage.

Restriction enzymes.

SUGAR BEET.

(2) Incompatibility and male.

Bhendi.

Numerical Mutations.

Vectors for gene transfer.

POTATO.

Heterosis, inbreeding.

Onion.

Sructural Chromosomal.

Gene cloning.

Breeding Fruit Crops.

Population improvement.

Seed Production Of.

Direct and indirect methods.

BREEDING FOR INSECT.

Hybrids.

Learn the objectives, procedure, and field significance of seed certification in quality assurance.

Meaning, major examples, benefits, and concerns of transgenic plants in crop improvement.

BREEDING FOR DISEASE.

Clonal selection.

Seed Act and Rules.

Blotting techniques.

BREEDING FOR ABIOTIC.

Hybridization.

Intellectual Property Rights.

DNA fingerprinting.

Understand breeding objectives for quality improvement in cereals, pulses, oilseeds, and fibre crops.

Understand mutation, mutagens, and the use of induced mutations in plant breeding.

Varietal Identification.

DNA based markers.

SEED MULTIPLICATION.

Procedure for Mutatuion.

Seed Drying.

Concept, principle, population needs, and breeding value of quantitative trait locus mapping.

Learn the causes of varietal rundown and the principles of varietal renovation in crop improvement.

Application of Mutatuion.

Seed Processing.

Meaning, marker types, advantages, and major breeding uses of marker-assisted selection.

(1) Ploidy breeding.

Seed Treatment.

(2) Ploidy breeding.

Seed Storage.

Seed Marketing.

Pricing Policy.

Lecture notes covering Breeding of Field and Horticultural Crops. Course Code: GPBR 212 | Credits: 3(2+1).

Lecture notes covering Principles of Plant Biotechnology. Course Code: GPBR 311 | Credits: 3(2+1).