Elec19
9 study notes and lessons on Elec19.
Bsc Agriculture
9Principles and Practices of Organic Farming and Conservation Agriculture
Lecture notes covering organic farming principles, certification, nutrient and pest management, conservation agriculture, natural farming, and market-policy aspects as per ICAR 6th Deans' Committee 2024. Course Code: ELEC 19 | Credits: 4(3+1).
Introduction to Organic Farming
Definition, principles, history, major systems, and comparison of organic farming with conventional agriculture.
Organic Certification and Standards
NPOP, PGS-India, USDA NOP, EU organic standards, certification process, conversion period, and labelling requirements.
Organic Nutrient Management
FYM, compost methods (Berkely, Indore, NADEP), vermicompost, green manuring, biofertilizers, liquid manures, and nutrient management planning in organic systems.
Organic Pest, Disease and Weed Management
Organic IPM pyramid, botanical pesticides, biocontrol agents, copper-sulphur fungicides, and mechanical/mulching/cover crop weed management strategies.
Conservation Agriculture — Principles and Practices
FAO definition, three pillars of CA, history, global and India adoption, benefits, challenges, and comparison of tillage systems.
Zero Tillage and Crop Residue Management
Zero-till equipment (Happy Seeder, ZTFSD, strip-till), stubble burning problem, alternatives to burning, government schemes, and mulching in conservation agriculture.
Natural Farming — ZBNF and Subhash Palekar Method
Zero Budget Natural Farming four pillars (Beejamrit, Jeevamrit, Mulching, Waaphasa), Andhra Pradesh scaling, Fukuoka method, biodynamic farming, permaculture, and comparison of natural farming systems.
Economics, Markets and Policy for Organic Farming
Transition economics, organic market structure, certification costs, government schemes, and policy support for organic and conservation-oriented farming.
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