Horticulture

Why post-harvest management matters for reducing losses, protecting quality, and improving value realization.

Ornamental horticulture is vital for economic growth, employment, environmental health, and human well-being. Learn its importance, branches, classification, and scope in India.

Ginger.

Nutritional, economic, export, and public health importance of vegetable cultivation.

Economic, nutritional, industrial, and national importance of fruit crops in India.

Lecture notes covering Fundamentals of Horticulture as per ICAR 5th Dean Committee syllabus. Course Code: HORT 180 | Credits: 2(1+1).

Meaning, scope, branches, and agricultural importance of horticulture.

A practical BSc Agriculture horticulture gateway covering core crop production, propagation, floriculture, plantation crops, and post-harvest topics.

Maturity indices, harvesting.

Rose — Varieties, Propagation, and Production Technology.

Turmeric.

Vegetable gardens.

Lecture notes covering Production Technology for Fruit and Plantation Crops as per ICAR 5th Dean Committee syllabus. Course Code: HORT 181 | Credits: 2(1+1).

Overview of fruit area, output, post-harvest losses, and export trends in India.

Classification of Horticultural Crops.

Maturity and Ripening process.

Chrysanthemum and Marigold — Production Technology.

Pepper.

Lecture notes covering Production Technology of Vegetables and Flowers. Course Code: HORT 281 | Credits: 2(1+1).

Vegetable classification.

Classification Of Fruits.

Climate and Soil Requirements for Horticultural Crops.

Factors affecting ripening.

Lecture notes covering Production Technology for Ornamental Crops, MAPs and Landscaping as per ICAR 5th Dean Committee syllabus. Course Code: HORT 284 | Credits: 2(1+1).

Gladiolus, Tuberose, and Lily — Production Technology.

Cardamom.

Tomato.

Adaptation, varietal diversity, and production fundamentals of mango.

Nursery types, site selection, infrastructure, and propagation basics for healthy planting material.

Lecture notes covering Post-harvest Management and Value Addition of Fruits and Vegetables as per ICAR 5th Dean Committee syllabus. Course Code: HORT 381 | Credits: 2(1+1).

How pre-harvest environment, nutrition, water, and crop management influence post-harvest behavior.

Orchids and Anthurium — Commercial Production.

Coriander.

Brinjal.

Mango- Major Problems.

Vegetative Propagation — Cutting, Layering, Grafting, Budding.

Primary and secondary causes of post-harvest losses in fruits and vegetables.

Jasmine and Crossandra — Production Technology.

Cumin.

Bhendi.

Banana — Soil, Climate.

Orchard Planning and Layout Systems.

Ripening Chemicals.

Loose Flowers — Production and Marketing.

Fenugreek.

Cucurbitaceous Vegetables.

Banana — Major Production.

Training and Pruning of Fruit Crops.

Methods of Storage.

Landscaping — Principles and Design Elements.

Lemongrass.

Ridge Gourd.

Citrus.

Irrigation and Nutrient Management in Horticulture.

Packaging functions, packaging materials, and modern methods for shelf-life extension of produce.

Garden Types and Styles — Formal, Informal, Japanese, Mughal.

Citronella.

Ash Gourd.

Citrus — Nutrient Deficiencies.

Weed Management in Horticultural Crops.

Packaging Technology.

Lawn Making and Maintenance.

Palmarosa Grass.

Bottle Gourd.

Grapes — Soil, Climate.

Growth Regulators in Horticulture.

Why value addition matters in reducing waste, extending shelf life, and improving income from horticultural produce.

Introduction to Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (MAP).

Vetiver.

Bitter Gourd.

Grapes — Nutrient Disorders.

Harvesting, Grading, and Packaging of Horticultural Produce.

Principles of preservation.

Important Medicinal Plants — Aloe Vera, Ashwagandha, Tulsi, Senna.

Geranium.

Cole crops — cabbage.

Papaya — Soil, Climate.

Protected Cultivation — Greenhouses, Polyhouses, Shade Nets.

Site selection, layout planning, utilities, sanitation, and hygiene requirements for fruit and vegetable processing units.

Important Aromatic Plants — Lemongrass, Citronella, Palmarosa, Mentha.

Davana.

Cole crops — cauliflower.

Sapota — Soil, Climate.

Preservation through canning.

Processing and Value Addition of MAP.

Coconut.

Cole crops — knol-khol.

Guava — Soil, Climate.

Principles and practical steps involved in preparing jams and similar fruit preserves.

Commercial Floriculture — Export Potential and Marketing.

Arecanut.

Onion.

Pine Apple — Soil.

Spoilage of canned products.

Betel Vine.

Garlic.

Jack.

Role and use of preservatives, colours, and food additives in processed fruit and vegetable products.

Cashew.

Peas.

Pomegranate.

Cocoa.

French beans.

Custard Apple.

Coffee.

Cluster beans.

Ber And Jamun.

Oil Palm.

Hyacinth bean.

Amla.

Medicinal Yam.

Cowpea.

Production technology, adaptation, uses, and propagation of wood apple and bael.

Sarpagandha.

Potato.

Date Palm.

Opium.

Sweet potato.

Subtropical Fruits.

Cultivation, uses, and essential oil importance of Ocimum species.

Tapioca.

Fig.

Periwinkle.

Colocasia.

Litchi.

Aloe Vera.

Yams.

Avocado.

Guggal.

Carrot.

Durian And Carambola.

Belladonna.

Radish.

Rambutan And Longan.

Nux Vomica.

Turnip.

Apple.

Medicinal Solanum.

Beet root.

Special orchard operations, important pests, diseases, and management practices in apple.

Aonla.

Amaranthus, Palak, Gogu.

Pear.

Senna.

Drumstick,coccinia and curry.

Plums And Prunes.

Cultivation, uses, and husk value of isabgol as a medicinal seed crop.

Historical background, present scope, and environmental and social importance of ornamental horticulture.

Peach And Nectarines.

Stevia.

Types and styles of ornamental.

Coleus.

Use of trees, shrubs.

Acorus.

Rose.

Jasmine.

Chrysanthemum.

Crossandra.

Marigold.

Tuberose.

Lecture notes covering Production Technology of Spices, Aromatic, Medicinal and Plantation Crops. Course Code: HORT 282 | Credits: 2(1+1).

Production of major fruits like Mango, Papaya, Banana and important vegetables.

Cultivation of fruits and vegetables, post-harvest technology, preservation methods, and landscaping for CUET Agriculture.

Fruit science — orchard management, propagation, mango, banana, citrus, grapes, tropical, subtropical and temperate fruits for competitive exams.

Vegetable production — tomato, potato, onion, cabbage, cauliflower, brinjal, cucurbits. Covers nursery management, hybrid vegetable seeds, crop protection, vegetable preservation and export quality standards.

Commercial flower crops (rose, marigold, jasmine, chrysanthemum, gladiolus), cut flower production, protected cultivation in polyhouse, post-harvest handling, export floriculture and landscaping basics.

Plantation crops and high-value crop diversification — coconut, cashew, cocoa, sandalwood, agarwood, walnut, almond, chilgoza, rubber and tea. Covers cultivation, exports, schemes, pests, value addition and plantation economics.

Horticulture notes for IBPS AFO, NABARD Grade A and ICAR JRF — fruit science (pomology), vegetable production (olericulture), floriculture, plantation crops, spices and medicinal plants, post-harvest technology and protected cultivation in greenhouse structures.

Spice crops (cardamom, pepper, ginger, turmeric, chilli, coriander) and medicinal plants (aloe vera, neem, tulsi, ashwagandha). Covers cultivation, essential oil extraction and post-harvest processing.

Preservation methods, canning, processed products, FPO standards, and post-harvest management for competitive exams.

Greenhouse types, polyhouse, shade net house, mulching, and protected cultivation techniques for competitive exams.

IBPS AFO interview horticulture questions: pomology vs. olericulture, papaya 10% male plant requirement, White Leghorn egg layers, Murrah buffalo, and FFPO collective credit access.

Fruit science — orchard management, propagation, mango, banana, citrus, grapes, tropical, subtropical and temperate fruits for competitive exams.

Vegetable production — tomato, potato, onion, cabbage, cauliflower, brinjal, cucurbits. Covers nursery management, hybrid vegetable seeds, crop protection, vegetable preservation and export quality standards.

Commercial flower crops (rose, marigold, jasmine, chrysanthemum, gladiolus), cut flower production, protected cultivation in polyhouse, post-harvest handling, export floriculture and landscaping basics.

Plantation crops and high-value crop diversification — coconut, cashew, cocoa, sandalwood, agarwood, walnut, almond, chilgoza, rubber and tea. Covers cultivation, exports, schemes, pests, value addition and plantation economics.

Horticulture notes for IBPS AFO, NABARD Grade A and ICAR JRF — fruit science (pomology), vegetable production (olericulture), floriculture, plantation crops, spices and medicinal plants, post-harvest technology and protected cultivation in greenhouse structures.

Spice crops (cardamom, pepper, ginger, turmeric, chilli, coriander) and medicinal plants (aloe vera, neem, tulsi, ashwagandha). Covers cultivation, essential oil extraction and post-harvest processing.

Preservation methods, canning, processed products, FPO standards, and post-harvest management for competitive exams.

Greenhouse types, polyhouse, shade net house, mulching, and protected cultivation techniques for competitive exams.

Fruit science — orchard management, propagation, mango, banana, citrus, grapes, tropical, subtropical and temperate fruits for competitive exams.

Vegetable production — tomato, potato, onion, cabbage, cauliflower, brinjal, cucurbits. Covers nursery management, hybrid vegetable seeds, crop protection, vegetable preservation and export quality standards.

Commercial flower crops (rose, marigold, jasmine, chrysanthemum, gladiolus), cut flower production, protected cultivation in polyhouse, post-harvest handling, export floriculture and landscaping basics.

Plantation crops and high-value crop diversification — coconut, cashew, cocoa, sandalwood, agarwood, walnut, almond, chilgoza, rubber and tea. Covers cultivation, exports, schemes, pests, value addition and plantation economics.

Horticulture notes for IBPS AFO, NABARD Grade A and ICAR JRF — fruit science (pomology), vegetable production (olericulture), floriculture, plantation crops, spices and medicinal plants, post-harvest technology and protected cultivation in greenhouse structures.

Spice crops (cardamom, pepper, ginger, turmeric, chilli, coriander) and medicinal plants (aloe vera, neem, tulsi, ashwagandha). Covers cultivation, essential oil extraction and post-harvest processing.

Preservation methods, canning, processed products, FPO standards, and post-harvest management for competitive exams.

Greenhouse types, polyhouse, shade net house, mulching, and protected cultivation techniques for competitive exams.

Fruit science — orchard management, propagation, mango, banana, citrus, grapes, tropical, subtropical and temperate fruits for competitive exams.

Vegetable production — tomato, potato, onion, cabbage, cauliflower, brinjal, cucurbits. Covers nursery management, hybrid vegetable seeds, crop protection, vegetable preservation and export quality standards.

Commercial flower crops (rose, marigold, jasmine, chrysanthemum, gladiolus), cut flower production, protected cultivation in polyhouse, post-harvest handling, export floriculture and landscaping basics.

Plantation crops and high-value crop diversification — coconut, cashew, cocoa, sandalwood, agarwood, walnut, almond, chilgoza, rubber and tea. Covers cultivation, exports, schemes, pests, value addition and plantation economics.

Horticulture notes for IBPS AFO, NABARD Grade A and ICAR JRF — fruit science (pomology), vegetable production (olericulture), floriculture, plantation crops, spices and medicinal plants, post-harvest technology and protected cultivation in greenhouse structures.

Spice crops (cardamom, pepper, ginger, turmeric, chilli, coriander) and medicinal plants (aloe vera, neem, tulsi, ashwagandha). Covers cultivation, essential oil extraction and post-harvest processing.

Preservation methods, canning, processed products, FPO standards, and post-harvest management for competitive exams.

Greenhouse types, polyhouse, shade net house, mulching, and protected cultivation techniques for competitive exams.

Fruit science — orchard management, propagation, mango, banana, citrus, grapes, tropical, subtropical and temperate fruits for competitive exams.

Vegetable production — tomato, potato, onion, cabbage, cauliflower, brinjal, cucurbits. Covers nursery management, hybrid vegetable seeds, crop protection, vegetable preservation and export quality standards.

Commercial flower crops (rose, marigold, jasmine, chrysanthemum, gladiolus), cut flower production, protected cultivation in polyhouse, post-harvest handling, export floriculture and landscaping basics.

Plantation crops and high-value crop diversification — coconut, cashew, cocoa, sandalwood, agarwood, walnut, almond, chilgoza, rubber and tea. Covers cultivation, exports, schemes, pests, value addition and plantation economics.

Horticulture notes for IBPS AFO, NABARD Grade A and ICAR JRF — fruit science (pomology), vegetable production (olericulture), floriculture, plantation crops, spices and medicinal plants, post-harvest technology and protected cultivation in greenhouse structures.

Spice crops (cardamom, pepper, ginger, turmeric, chilli, coriander) and medicinal plants (aloe vera, neem, tulsi, ashwagandha). Covers cultivation, essential oil extraction and post-harvest processing.

Preservation methods, canning, processed products, FPO standards, and post-harvest management for competitive exams.

Greenhouse types, polyhouse, shade net house, mulching, and protected cultivation techniques for competitive exams.

Fruit science — orchard management, propagation, mango, banana, citrus, grapes, tropical, subtropical and temperate fruits for competitive exams.

Vegetable production — tomato, potato, onion, cabbage, cauliflower, brinjal, cucurbits. Covers nursery management, hybrid vegetable seeds, crop protection, vegetable preservation and export quality standards.

Commercial flower crops (rose, marigold, jasmine, chrysanthemum, gladiolus), cut flower production, protected cultivation in polyhouse, post-harvest handling, export floriculture and landscaping basics.

Plantation crops and high-value crop diversification — coconut, cashew, cocoa, sandalwood, agarwood, walnut, almond, chilgoza, rubber and tea. Covers cultivation, exports, schemes, pests, value addition and plantation economics.

Horticulture notes for IBPS AFO, NABARD Grade A and ICAR JRF — fruit science (pomology), vegetable production (olericulture), floriculture, plantation crops, spices and medicinal plants, post-harvest technology and protected cultivation in greenhouse structures.

Spice crops (cardamom, pepper, ginger, turmeric, chilli, coriander) and medicinal plants (aloe vera, neem, tulsi, ashwagandha). Covers cultivation, essential oil extraction and post-harvest processing.

Preservation methods, canning, processed products, FPO standards, and post-harvest management for competitive exams.

Greenhouse types, polyhouse, shade net house, mulching, and protected cultivation techniques for competitive exams.

Fruit science — orchard management, propagation, mango, banana, citrus, grapes, tropical, subtropical and temperate fruits for competitive exams.

Vegetable production — tomato, potato, onion, cabbage, cauliflower, brinjal, cucurbits. Covers nursery management, hybrid vegetable seeds, crop protection, vegetable preservation and export quality standards.

Commercial flower crops (rose, marigold, jasmine, chrysanthemum, gladiolus), cut flower production, protected cultivation in polyhouse, post-harvest handling, export floriculture and landscaping basics.

Plantation crops and high-value crop diversification — coconut, cashew, cocoa, sandalwood, agarwood, walnut, almond, chilgoza, rubber and tea. Covers cultivation, exports, schemes, pests, value addition and plantation economics.

Horticulture notes for IBPS AFO, NABARD Grade A and ICAR JRF — fruit science (pomology), vegetable production (olericulture), floriculture, plantation crops, spices and medicinal plants, post-harvest technology and protected cultivation in greenhouse structures.

Spice crops (cardamom, pepper, ginger, turmeric, chilli, coriander) and medicinal plants (aloe vera, neem, tulsi, ashwagandha). Covers cultivation, essential oil extraction and post-harvest processing.

Preservation methods, canning, processed products, FPO standards, and post-harvest management for competitive exams.

Greenhouse types, polyhouse, shade net house, mulching, and protected cultivation techniques for competitive exams.

Complete ICAR JRF Horticulture syllabus 2026 — Code 08 unit-wise topics for vegetable science, fruit science, post-harvest management, floriculture, landscaping, plantation crops, spices, medicinal and aromatic crops.

ICAR JRF Horticulture (Code 08) — fruit science, vegetable science, floriculture, post-harvest management, PYQ quizzes 2019–2025.

Study how horticulture supports food production, economy, employment, and nutritional security in Class 12th Agriculture.