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Classification of bulky and concentrated manures, their sources, and nutrient role in soil fertility.

Green manures, oil cakes, and related organic inputs used to improve nutrient supply and soil health.

Principles, methods, and field relevance of composting organic residues into stable nutrient-rich manure.

Major fertilizer classes based on nutrient content, nutrient form, and agronomic use.

Types, properties, and industrial nitrogen fixation concepts behind major nitrogenous fertilizers.

Manufacturing routes, properties, and handling aspects of major ammoniacal nitrogen fertilizers.

Industrial steps, reactions, and handling basics involved in manufacturing urea fertilizer.

Concept, materials, and agronomic value of slow-release nitrogen fertilizers for efficient nutrient use.

Controlled-release fertilizers, inhibitor use, and nutrient synchronization with crop demand.

Sources, classification, and practical importance of phosphatic fertilizers in crop production.

Manufacture, composition, and field use of single and triple superphosphate fertilizers.

Potassic fertilizer sources, composition, and role in crop quality and stress tolerance.

Secondary and micronutrient fertilizers used to correct hidden hunger and nutrient deficiencies.

Composition, manufacture, and agronomic use of complex fertilizers and NPK complexes.

Preparation, compatibility, and advantages of mixed fertilizers over straight fertilizer use.

Fillers, conditioners, neutralizers, and other ingredients used in fertilizer mixtures and formulations.

Beneficial microbial inoculants that improve nutrient availability and support sustainable soil fertility.

Environmental effects of fertilizer use on soil, water, air, and ecological balance.

Key regulatory provisions of the Fertilizer Control Order governing quality, sale, and labeling.

Basic organic chemistry concepts needed to understand agrochemical structure, naming, and reactivity.

Major pesticide formulation types, components, and their role in safe and effective field application.

Granules, dusts, wettable powders, and other formulation technologies used to deliver pesticides.

Major organophosphate insecticides, their preparation notes, toxicity, and mode of action.

Additional organophosphate insecticides with emphasis on characteristics, toxicology, and safe handling.

Important carbamate insecticides, their mode of action, characteristics, and agricultural use.

Botanical pesticides such as neem, nicotine, and pyrethrum used in crop protection.

Characteristics, chemistry, and field importance of synthetic pyrethroid insecticides.

Classification, characteristics, and mode of action of herbicides used for weed control.

Classification, characteristics, and preparation of inorganic and copper-based fungicides.

Organic fungicides such as dithiocarbamates, with their characteristics and field use.

Systemic fungicide groups, their internal movement in plants, and practical crop protection use.

Indian insecticide regulation and practical compatibility of pesticides with fertilizers and other agrochemicals.

Movement, persistence, degradation, and environmental fate of pesticides in soil and water systems.

Hormone groups, functions, and agricultural uses of plant growth regulators in crop management.