Gpbr311

Core meaning, evolution, major branches, and agricultural applications of plant biotechnology.

History of plant tissue.

Scope and importance.

Totipotency & Morphogenesis.

Nutritional requirements.

Techniques of in vitro.

Micro propagation.

Anther and microspore.

Ovule Culture.

Ovary and embryo culture.

Test tube fertilization.

Endosperm culture.

Factors influencing.

Major applications of plant tissue culture in propagation, conservation, sanitation, and crop improvement.

Somaclonal variation.

Meaning, features, and crop improvement relevance of somatic embryogenesis.

Isolation of plant protoplasts, fusion methods, and their significance in somatic hybridization.

Somatic hybrids, cybrids, chromosome behavior, and practical outcomes of protoplast fusion.

Genetic engineering.

Restriction enzymes.

Vectors for gene transfer.

Gene cloning.

Direct and indirect methods.

Meaning, major examples, benefits, and concerns of transgenic plants in crop improvement.

Blotting techniques.

DNA fingerprinting.

DNA based markers.

Concept, principle, population needs, and breeding value of quantitative trait locus mapping.

Meaning, marker types, advantages, and major breeding uses of marker-assisted selection.